Comparing Power in Browning’s My Last Duchess and Cheever’s The Five-Forty-Eight :: comparison compare contrast essays

Power in browns My Last Duchess and Cheevers The Five-Forty-Eight Thats my last Duchess painted on the wall, begins Robert Brownings My Last Duchess (594). The Duke of Ferrara, Italy makes a dramatic monologue to the opines representative in poetic form. The count, being a friend of the Dukes, has cancelledered to provide the Dukes close wife. The Duke informs the representative of all the habits he found infuriating in his former Duchess as an instruction of the customs his next wife should and should not do or she will find the same fate as his previous wife. He found these habits so annoying that he had her killed. The top executive that the Duke has starkly contrasts with the impuissance get by Dent feels in John Cheevers The Five-Forty-Eight. Blake hires run away Dent as his secretary, after she has been in the hospital for eight months. She is very grateful to Blake for plentiful her the position because she has had a difficult time finding a job due to her prolonge d stay in the hospital. Miss Dent forms an affection for Blake, who uses her photo to carry on a one-night stand with her. The next day he has her fired while she is at lunch and he then takes the afternoon off from work. Miss Dent tries to contact Blake every day for the next few weeks, but he avoids her until she finally confronts him in hostility. The presence or absence of power in Miss Dents or the Dukes lives is the impacting factor in their personalities, love lives, and the concluding results each of them gains. Power, or the lack of it, forms the Dukes and Miss Dents personalities. The Duke achieves his initial power from his materialistic strengths. A few of these are emphasized in lines 27-29 at which point he states The bough of cherries some meddlesome fool/ Broke in the orchard for her, the white mule/ She rode with round the terrace (594). His home life includes an assemblage of servants and maids, whom he passingly refers to as officious fools. He has an enormous house that extends onto a terrace, where the Duchess rides her white mule, and then on into an array of gardens, from these orchards her cherries are picked. Not so fortunate is Miss Dent who lives in a room that seems...like a closet (81).Comparing Power in Brownings My Last Duchess and Cheevers The Five-Forty-Eight comparison compare contrast essaysPower in Brownings My Last Duchess and Cheevers The Five-Forty-Eight Thats my last Duchess painted on the wall, begins Robert Brownings My Last Duchess (594). The Duke of Ferrara, Italy makes a dramatic monologue to the counts representative in poetic form. The count, being a friend of the Dukes, has offered to provide the Dukes next wife. The Duke informs the representative of all the habits he found annoying in his former Duchess as an instruction of the customs his next wife should and should not do or she will find the same fate as his previous wife. He found these habits so annoying that he had her killed. The power that the Duke has starkly contrasts with the helplessness Miss Dent feels in John Cheevers The Five-Forty-Eight. Blake hires Miss Dent as his secretary, after she has been in the hospital for eight months. She is very grateful to Blake for giving her the position because she has had a difficult time finding a job due to her prolonged stay in the hospital. Miss Dent forms an affection for Blake, who uses her vulnerability to carry on a one-night stand with her. The next day he has her fired while she is at lunch and he then takes the afternoon off from work. Miss Dent tries to contact Blake every day for the next few weeks, but he avoids her until she finally confronts him in hostility. The presence or absence of power in Miss Dents or the Dukes lives is the impacting factor in their personalities, love lives, and the concluding results each of them gains. Power, or the lack of it, forms the Dukes and Miss Dents personalities. The Duke achieves his initial power from his materialistic streng ths. A few of these are emphasized in lines 27-29 at which point he states The bough of cherries some officious fool/ Broke in the orchard for her, the white mule/ She rode with round the terrace (594). His home life includes an assemblage of servants and maids, whom he passingly refers to as officious fools. He has an enormous house that extends onto a terrace, where the Duchess rides her white mule, and then on into an array of gardens, from these orchards her cherries are picked. Not so fortunate is Miss Dent who lives in a room that seems...like a closet (81).

Buying an Existing Website :: Sell Website

Buying an Existing WebsiteHave you considered being your throw boss, creating your own financial independence and making your own dreams a reality? Youre not alone, owning your own calling is the American dream. But the reality is that purchase a business is a serious financial and personal commitment that requires an understanding of what makes a business successful. All too often, new owners jump blindly into a business venture, overwhelmed by the tremendous workload of starting a business from the ground up. A government survey shows that 60% of new businesses fail deep down the first three years. An existing, realised business that is purchased by a new owner shows a minimal failure rate. If you have considered the thought of owning your own business, buying an existing business has many advantages over building a business from scratch You can review actual operating results, rather than projected results. You purpose immediate cash flow from the ongoing business activities . You will have trained employees in place. You will have establish suppliers. You will have established customers and referral business. You will have existing licenses and permits. The seller will train you in operating the business. In most cases, the seller will provide the financing you motivation to buy the business. SUNBELT Business brokers know the reasons a good business succeeds. SUNBELT itself is a franchise that ranks number one in the business brokerage industry. SUNBELT has over xx years of matching the right business opportunity with the right buyer. Its that simple. From understanding the reasons an on-going business can provide a positive cash flow, to the value of an established name, location and customer base to the inner workings of new owner financing and sealing the deal - SUNBELT can make your dreams reality. With the right negotiations, a business can actually pay for itself - let SUNBELT show you how. ConfidentialityUnlike the sale of real estate or fran chises, the sale of an on-going business is very confidential for both(prenominal) the seller and the potential buyer. All inquiries are held in strict confidence. Meetings and information shared or observed are to be held in strict confidence. To escort confidentiality for all parties, SUNBELT brokers require a confidentiality agreement to be signed. In return for granting you, the prospective buyer, access to investigate the operations of the sellers business and otherwise private information, the prospective buyer promises to use the information for the sole purpose of evaluating the benefits and risks of purchasing the sellers business in strict confidence.

New and Improved? : The processes of globalisation on spiritual practic

New and Improved? The processes of globalisation on ghostlike practices illustrated by the global spread of Reiki.The processes of globalisation create an open market place for trade, but globalisation is also an exchange of cultures, of ideas and practices. Spiritual practices and rituals atomic number 18 one of the ship canal in which a culture reproduces itself and as such, is subject to hegemonic forces which act to alter the existing form. It has been said that Globalisation may be regarded as a curse to regionalized spiritual practices because there is a tendency to standardise them in an Americanised form, which is primarily Christian. One of the under explored aspects of the Internet is the cultural effects created by the exchange of spiritual ideas and practices online. As more people gain access to the World Wide Web, the diversity of spiritual entropy available increases exponentially. Exotic cultural practices, once lone(prenominal) available to the privileged few who could afford to travel to exotic locations, is now available to millions of people across the globe, at the touch of a button. Gone are the days when spiritual practices are linked to a specific geographical area, with religions linked intimately to the histories and cultures of respective nations and ethnic groups. Spiritual rituals are undergoing a deterritorialisation, support by new media. It has been suggested that the activities of individual religious groups will be increasingly characteristic of free competition on a global scale. Religion has of all time been a globalising phenomenon, with missionaries and pilgrims travelling to spread their version of the Word to the unenlightened. According to Peter Beyer, In the context of globalisation, all religions are increasingly under insistingure to come up themselves as universal in principle, whether historically they have or not. Religions that have travelled across the globe have been spread, throughout history, by a c ommunicate of the Faithful leaving their home community, forming new communities as they travel, preaching and teaching their messages and rituals to their converts. Now these networks may be built and maintained electronically. As the printing press made the bible and religious texts available to the masses rather than just the clergy, so the Internet has given people the means to access spiritual information from other cultures and regions... ...pick=67 accessed 10/1/05BEY, Hakim, The Information War, http//www.ctheory.net/text_file.asp?pick=64 accessed 10/1/05http//www.ctheory.net/text_file.asp?pick=82 accessed 10/1/05http//www.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/essays/globalizationtechnopolitics.pdf accessed 10/1/05http//www.mbay.net/jmejia/book063.htm accessed 10/1/05http//www.reikihealingpower.com/learn_reiki.htm accessed 10/1/05INOUE, Nobutaka, 1997, 2001 The Information Age and the Globalization of Religion, http//www2.kokugakuin.ac.jp/ijcc/wp/global/06inoue2.html accessed 10/1 /05MILUTIS, Joe, Making the World Safe for modish Philosophy http//www.ctheory.net/text_file.asp?pick=390 accessed 10/1/05ROBERTSON, Roland, Comments on the "Global Triad" and "Glocalization" http//www2.kokugakuin.ac.jp/ijcc/wp/global/15robertson.html accessed 9/1/05SHIELDS, Rob, The Virtual, London and New York Routledge, 2003, Reviewed by KELLNER, D., and Thomas, A. http//www.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/essays/reviewthevirtual.pdf accessed 23/12/04THIEME, Richard, Entering Sacred Digital Space Seeking to Distinguish the Dreamer and the Dream, http//www.thiemeworks.com/ accessed 23/12/04

Of Mice And Men :: essays research papers

In the clean Of Mice and Men, outhouse Steinbeck brings out the themes of Lonliness and companionship, and strengths and flunkes through the actions, and quotations of the characters. Irony and foreshadowing play a sizable roll on how the story ends. Lennie and his habit of killing things not on purpose, but he is a victim of his own strength. George trying to pretend that his feelings for Lennie entail nothing. The entire novel is repetitive in themes and expressed views. Loneliness and Companionship are one of the many themes that are conveyed in the novel Of Mice and Men, By John Steinbeck. Many of the characters admit to suffering from loneliness within the texts. George sets the tone for these confessions early in the novel when he reminds Lennie that the life of living on a spread head is among the loneliest of lives. However Lennie, who is mentally disabled holds the idea that living on a farm very high. "Tending the rabbits" is what Lennie calls it. Often when Lennie is seaking encouragement he askes George to tell him how its dismissal to be. Men like George who migrate from farm to farm rarely have anyone to look to for companionship and protection. George obviously cares a lot for lennie, but is too decided to admit to it. The feeling of being shipped from place to place leaves George feeling alone and abandoned. Strengths and Weaknesses play a huge roll within the story. Steinbeck explores different types of strength and weakness throughout the novel. As the novel begins, Steinbeck shows how Lennie possesses physical strength beyond his control, as when he cannot help killing the mouse. Great physical strength is valuable in George and Lennies circumstances. Curley, as a symbol of authority on the ranch and a champion boxer, makes this clear immediately by using his brutish strength and slam-bang temper to intimidate those who look down on him. Lennie means no harm at all. The reason why George and Lennie had to leave in the beginn ing of the novel was because it was believed that Lennie attempted to rape a woman there. Rape was not the case at all, when Lennie expressed his love for the touch of soft things, such as a dress or a mouse, this panicked the woman causing a chain reaction, and causing Lennie panic also. When Lennie accidentally kills the mouse, it foreshadows the future of Lennie and Curleys wife.

Essay example --

The word Starvation derives from the word starve which means to die or perish from lack of food or viands or to suffer of hunger. Starvation is a severe state of malnutrition characterized by a deficiency in nutrients, vitamins, and energy. It is the major form of malnutrition which is the lack of proper nutrition. establish on some of the information I researched on line, I found that the following are physical symptoms that whitethorn or could be a dissolving agent of starvation such as decreased resting metabolic rate, drop in sex hormones, loss of monthly menstruation, bone loss that results in demineralization, bone egress failure and deterioration or loss in bone bus. These are of significant concerns because they can be irreversible, constipation, sleep disturbances, hypothermia, loss of lean body mass and changes in brain chemistry that increase food cravings. Starvation not only affects your physical heath but also your mental and unrestrained health. The cognitive eff ects of starvation may result in difficulty concentrating, apathy, which is the lack of suppression of passion and emotion. Starvation can also lead to poor judgment. The emotional effects of starvation could develop into depression, which is the state of sadness with greater and more cause to continue than that warranted. Starvation can also lead to the development of anxiety, a state of apprehension and psychic tension. This occurs in some forms of mental disorder. Irritability, the state of mind where everything bugs you and anger being the set of mixed painful frustrated and bother emotions and changing moods which I found out are a result of an imbalance of hormones and neurotransmitters. This can be a side effect and result of starvation,. The hormones and psy... ...ravenous sustenance must begin the treatment. A formula consisting of 42% dried skim milk, 32% edible oil, and 25% sucrose plus electrolyte, mineral, and vitamin supplements are recommended for the first va r. of introducing food to the body. The treatment back to health is an extended process first begins with liquids. Gradually, solid foods are introduced and a daily diet providing 5,000 calories or more is instituted. The business is that the resources are not available everywhere and are even more limited by the lack of financial needs and access to above ask items. If had the access and resources then the people would have the possibility and chance so they can recover from severe degrees of starvation to a normal stature and function. Children, however, may suffer from permanent mental retardation or growth defects if their deprivation was long and extreme.

Essay example --

The word starvation derives from the word starve which means to die or perish from want of food or nourishment or to suffer of hunger. starvation is a complete(a) state of malnutrition characterized by a deficiency in nutrients, vitamins, and energy. It is the major form of malnutrition which is the lack of proper nutrition. Based on some of the information I researched on line, I found that the following are bodily symptoms that may or could be a result of starvation such as decreased resting metabolic rate, drop in sex hormones, loss of periodical menstruation, bone loss that results in demineralization, bone growth failure and deterioration or loss in bone mass. These are of significant concerns because they can be irreversible, constipation, sleep disturbances, hypothermia, loss of lean body mass and changes in brain chemistry that increase food cravings. Starvation not only affects your physical heathland but also your mental and emotional health. The cognitive effects of s tarvation may result in difficulty concentrating, apathy, which is the lack of suppression of passion and emotion. Starvation can also lead to poor judgment. The emotional effects of starvation could develop into depression, which is the state of sadness with greater and more cause to continue than that warranted. Starvation can also lead to the development of anxiety, a state of apprehension and psychic tension. This occurs in some forms of mental disorder. Irritability, the state of mind where everything bugs you and anger organism the set of mixed painful frustrated and upset emotions and changing moods which I found out are a result of an imbalance of hormones and neurotransmitters. This can be a side effect and result of starvation,. The hormones and psy... ...ravenous feeding must begin the treatment. A formula consisting of 42% dried skim milk, 32% edible oil, and 25% sucrose plus electrolyte, mineral, and vitamin supplements are recommended for the first phase of introd ucing food to the body. The treatment back to health is an extended process first begins with liquids. Gradually, solid foods are introduced and a daily diet providing 5,000 calories or more is instituted. The problem is that the resources are not available everywhere and are even more limited by the lack of financial needs and access to above required items. If had the access and resources then the people would have the possibility and chance so they can recover from severe degrees of starvation to a normal stature and function. Children, however, may suffer from permanent mental retardation or growth defects if their deprivation was long and extreme.

Environmental Disasters Essay

For the purpose of this article an environmental disaster is defined as a specific display case ca apply by pitying activity that allows in a unsp coveredly negative effect on the environment. Sometimes a natural disaster can aim an environmental disaster, but that is a topic to be discussed elsewhere. In most cases environmental disasters are caused by human error, accident, lack of foresight, corner cutting during in break uprial processes, greed, or by simple incompetence. In other words without some kind of human intervention they would never have happened.They are also lots characterised by firm authoritative denials that anything serious has even happened. Lack of foresight is a common cause of an environmental disaster. In agriculture a unstained example of is the increasing salinity of soils in hot climates. With the need to produce more food, a warm climate seems ideal for European-style agriculture, once the existing botany has been cleared. The one proviso is that in that respect must be plenty of peeing. Irrigation projects and deep wells are usually the answer, but as has been found in Australia, if this is not properly managed, salination can result and the land becomes effectively useless.A further example of a catastrophic and misguided interference with nature resulted in the dust bowls that hit North America in the 1930s. The fertilizable soil seemed ideal for intensive agriculture, but a combination of deep ploughing and a lack of crop rotation weakened the soil structure. Following years of drought, high winds simply removed all the topsoil and millions of acres of once fertile farmland became a virtual desert. Another unforeseen agricultural disaster was Moa Ze weargs 1958 decree to eliminate sparrows. It was considered that because sparrows ate grain seeds they were robbing the people of the fruits of their labour.The campaign was truly successful that it cleared the way for swarms of locusts to descend on the farms. Crops were decimated, leading to a famine that resulted in the deaths of 38 million people. Introducing alien species can be adept as disastrous as eliminating native ones. This has been the case in Australia when in 1859 12 imported English wild rabbits were released so that a local settler could go hunting. In the course of time they multiplied and it is estimated that even aft(prenominal) serious efforts to control them, the Australian rabbit populations is still between 200 and three hundred million.As well as being responsible for the loss of vast acreages of agricultural crops and grazing land, rabbits are suspected of being the most significant cognize factor in species loss in Australia, killing young trees by eating the bark at the base of the trunk. They are also responsible for serious erosion as they eat native plants, leaving the topsoil exposed. It is very easy to upset the fragile balance of nature. In June 1918 a steam mail ran aground(predicate) on a Pacific Island and wh ile it was stranded, Black Rats escaped and got ashore.Here they thrived, causing the extinction of several of the islands endemic birds and other fauna. They also raided the crops of the islanders, specially the seeds of the Kentia Palm, which was the islanders only export commodity. In an effort to control the rats, Masked Owls were introduced but this simply compounded the environmental disaster. By introducing yet another predator to the ecosystem, the result was that many of the remaining sea birds were simply wiped out as breeding species. Industrial pollution has been the cause of so many environmental disasters that it is impossible to incline them all.One of the most serious was the Bhopal disaster of December 1984 when a leak of methyl isocyanate resulted in at least 22,000 deaths plus various genetic diseases that volition continue for generations. The chief causes of this disaster were negligence, corruption and the complete disregard of safety standards. A number of environmental disasters have also been associated with the oil production application with theDeepwater Horizon disaster of April 2010 being the most recent one that comes to mind. According to White House energy adviser Carol Browner the spill was the lather environmental disaster the US has faced.In this case following a sudden explosion on a drilling rig in the disconnectedness of Mexico, the safety valve that was designed to prevent an oil spill spectacularly failed. It was months before the leakage was sealed, during which time millions of gallons of oil poured into the sea. The resulting pollution was not just from the oil, but from the chemicals used to disperse it. Whole ecosystemswere destroyed along with the livelihoods of countless people. Many endangered species are not expected torecover. In West Africa the Niger Delta covers 20,000 km2 within wetlands of 70,000 km2, formed in the main by sediment deposition.It is home to some 20 million people from 40 different eth nic groups. Its floodplain makes up 7. 5% of Nigerias summate land mass and is the third-largest drainage basin in Africa. Its ecosystem contains one of the highest concentrations of biodiversity on the planet. In addition to supporting a vast range of industrial plant and fauna, in that respect is arable terrain that can sustain a wide variety of crops,tropical forests and more species of freshwater fish than any other ecosystem in West Africa. Unfortunately for the Niger Delta, oil was discovered in the region.Since drilling began in 1976 there has been a complete lack of concern by the Nigerian Government or the oil operators to assert any control of the environmental problems associated with the industry. The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation admits that every year as a result of around 300 exclusive spills, nearly 2,300 cubic touchstones of petroleum are jettisoned into the environment. However, this does not take account of so-called minor spills and one estimate p ut the total spillage between 1960 and 1997 as upwards of 100 million barrels (16 million cubic metres).A major reason for these spills is simply the result of poor maintenance. Pipelines are nonagenarian and corroded and although they have an estimated lifespan of about 15 years, many have been in use for about 25. Leaking pipes and the use of old and corroded tankers account for 50% of all spills. Understandably there has been a major impact on the ecosystem. Enormous tracts of mangrove forest have been destroyed along with most of the flora and fauna that were once found there. The dumping of waste is obviously a serious issue and international regulations put strict controls on this.Unfortunately there will always be unscrupulous people who will try to get around the regulations. A classic example occurred in 2006 when a Panama-registered ship offloaded 500 tonnes of toxic waste at the Ivory Coast port of Abidjan. The company concerned apparently wanted to avoid paying the 1,00 0 euros per cubic metre disposal charge it would have to pay in Holland. The waste, that was dumped at 12 sites in and around the city was later discovered to contain a mix of fuel, caustic soda and hydrogen sulphide.This lethal cocktail gave off toxic gas and caused burns to lungs and skin, in addition to severe headaches and vomiting and is said to have caused 17 deaths and made dozens seriously ill. The company involved originally denied all responsibility, claiming that the waste was simply dirty water. It was only after some investigative news media by the BBC that the full facts eventually came to light. Nuclear accidents can have serious environmental effects. Prior to 2011 the 1986 Chernobyl disaster would probably have been regarded as the ost serious after an enormous explosion sent radioactive ash into the atmosphere covering most of Northern Europe, along with Belarus, Ukraine and Russia. 350,000 people had to be resettled. Then in 2011 came the Fukushima 1 accident in Japan when an earthquake followed by a tsunami hit the nuclear plant. The earthquake knocked out the public electricity supply that powered the pumping of water to cool the reactors. Shortly after the earthquake a tsunami destroyed the emergency back-up generators that were due to start up when the public electricity supply failed.It was then pull in that the designers had failed to take this possibility into account. As a result a catastrophic situation developed and 14,000 people had to be evacuated from the immediate area. After several weeks a number of brave workers, struggling in appalling conditions, managed to bring the situation under control, but as with so many environmental disasters, once once again official information was misleading, sketchy, or simply non-existent. An environmental disaster is usually caused by some form human action, or some form of human negligence. A classic example is with climate change.Vast amounts of greenhouse gas are currently being relea sed into the Earths atmosphere, potentially doing untold maltreat to our environment by speeding up global warming. At the same time people are completely ignoring the warning signs and shutting their minds to the consequences that lie ahead. We dont know what these consequences will be, but they are not likely to be pleasant. The world seems to be on course for what is likely to be the worst environmental disaster of all time. There is still time to slow the process down, but it will require swift and worldwide action.

An Analysis of Intercultural Negotiations between the East and West Essay

Exe melt offive SummaryThis report provides an analysis and evaluation of an intercultural negotiation between USAs embrown Casual Shoes and mainland Chinas Chung Sun Manufacturing, provides a literature review of a prominent theory from the field and suggests recommendation to improve the mental process of intercultural talk between these two countries and companies.As the Case Study was identified as subpar negotiation, all(prenominal) issues from the Case Study were allocated into Intercultural, Verbal and Nonverbal.Following this, Hofstedes pagan Model was introduced in the literature review and critically analysed. This model include five dimensions1. Uncertainty Avoidance2. Power Distance3. Masculinity vs. Femininity4. individualization vs. Collectivism5. Short Term vs. Long TermSome strengths of the model included a voluminous taste size, indexes for all nations and easily hypothecate hypotheses. Alternatively, well-nigh limitations were an alleged sample misrepresen tation, non adequately analysing population on an individual level and a conviction lapse since dimension orchestrateulation.Major issues from the negotiations were then raise investigated and includedRushing the negotiations and failing to form an adequate relationship Causing offence by giving a gift to the Chinese representative non respecting the hierarchy of theChinse cultivationFailing to hire an interpreter for the negotiationsTouching the Chinese associates inappropriatelyRecommendations suggested preventing further intercultural issues and fixing current issues as government noted above includedHiring an interpreter and cultural adviserTranslating all written materials into ChineseCreating transparency within the negotiations process by asking for a peg strategy1 IntroductionIntercultural communication is becoming increasingly burning(prenominal) within a global context for businesses. In one study within China the artless being analyzed, all respondents to a su rvey agreed that it is critical to the success of the organization (73.9 powerfully & 26.1 moderately) (Goodman & Wang, 2007). In the following report, the success of an intercultural negotiation between China and USA giveing be assessed to ascertain all issues occurring across intercultural, verbal and nonverbal and how they do-nothing be fixed. This will be done by providing recommendations found on current literature in the field. Additionally, The issues of the case will be identified and analysed and a literature view will be undertaken of a germane(predicate) prominent theory in the field.2 Identification of Problems/IssuesWithin the negotiations between cook Casual Shoes and Chung Sun Manufacturing, there were several intercultural communication issues that offend the Chinese through what appeared to be a blatant disregard for their cultural barriers. These issues have been partitioned into three sections general, verbal and nonverbal.1 Intercultural IssuesThe start-o ff wrongdoing in their intercultural fundamental interaction was the letter given by MrBrown to Mr Deng. In addition to gift giving in the Chinese business culture being unacceptable ascribable to it being seen as bribery (UONI, 2011), it is especially offensive for a gift to be wrapped in white paper as red is the norm (Kwintessential, 2013). The fact that Mr. Deng refused the gift three times onward opening it aligns with the fact that Chinese whitethorn refuse a gift three times before opening it but not a fourth (Kwintessential, 2013). An some other contributing factor is the point that Chinese dont like to say no, and will often say yes just to save face (World Business Culture, 2013). The following mistake made by Mr. Brown was offering the foremost toast of the evening. In Chinese cultulre, it should always be the host who makes the first toast of the evening (Kwintessential, 2013).Additionally, Mr Browns lack of knowledge on who should leave the meeting first may have caused offence. As per Chinese culture, the foreigner should always leave first when a meeting is finished (UONI, 2011). Mr Browns misunderstanding of this could have caused discomfort for the Chinese. Mr Browns perception that the initial meetings with the Chinese would have resulted in a negotiation early was a fundamental misunderstanding as he failed to gull that the Chinese often forge relationships with individuals before partaking in business (Goodman, 2013).2 Intercultural Verbal Communication IssueAlthough Mr Brown and his team participated in lots of low talk with Mr Deng, further small talk could be encouraged to avoid causing offence and giving the impression that the negotiators completely care virtually time and not forging a lasting relationship (UONI, 2011). An additional verbal error made by Mr. Brown was his failure to hire a interpreter. In China, this is often viewed as a sign of disrespect for their culture (Fang & Faure, 2010). This lack of an interprete r and an overall lack of comprehension of English could have been the reason for the large amount of questions rather than the impression formulated by Mr. Brown that they were not serious about the business (World Business Culture, 2013). Further overmuch, the fact that Mr Brown and his team didnt make the effort to learn any Chinese at all for the negotiation might give off the impression that they are ethnocentric about their culture (Goodman, 2013).3 Intercultural Nonverbal Verbal Communication IssuesAlthough there were not many nonverbal communication errors, one fundamental nonverbal communication error made by Mr. Brown was his touching of the arm of Mr. Deng. Culturally, Chinese dislike being touched by strangers (Gao et al, 1996). As they were only just meeting and not yet properly acquainted, this may have been perceived as offensive.3 Literature ReviewHofstedes model has been used as it was utilized a starting point for many additional cultural models. Below, figure one shows the convergence of this model with other notable ones from the field of cultural communication studies. It can be deduced from this that Hofstedes model is the most diverse and complete good example as it encompasses all factors of other relevant models and shows evidence for the theoretical relevance. Figure 2 Comparison of Hofstedes cultural framework with other modelsSource Soares, Farhangmehr & Shoham, 2007, p. 281One assumption of this model is defining identity through nation. Many scholars (Steenkamn et al, 1999l Hofstede, 1984 Parker, 1994 Hoover et al., 1978) relief this approach.1 Literature ReviewHofstedes cultural dimension is a model crafted to identify the key differences across different cultural workplace values. Gert Hofstede formulated this model through complex statistical analysis on more than 100,000 IBM employees across the world. The results of this suggested that five dimension undercoats could be used to describe most all important(p) differences a mong cultures worldwide. These anchors provide points of comparison for each culture and allow different nations cultures to be contrasted and their disposition measured based on key traits (Lewicki, Saunders & Barry, 2011). These anchor points are personal identity/Collectivism, Power Distance, Masculinity/Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance and Short Term/Long Term. Figure 1 below shows how this is commonly measured.Figure 1Source Hofstede, 2001The first dimension of the model is Power Distance. Power distance reflects the attitude a society holds on motive inequality and authority relations in society. This anchor can influence hierarchy, dependence relationships and organizational context (Soares et al, 2007). A low score is indicative of a society with little respect for unequally distributed power and closes are often spread through the organisation with feedback to bosses appropriate. Alternatively, a high score shows that the society depends highly on hierarchical structure s and may concentrate decision making at the top (Hofstede, 1980). Uncertainty avoidance is the second dimension of this framework. This dictates the extent to which people feel threatened by uncertainty and ambiguity and collectible to this avoid situations that may cause these feelings to occur (Hofstede, 1991). People with high uncertainty avoidance often have well defined rules for prescribed behaviours (Soares et al, 2007) and if these are not in place for new situations, they will strive to immediately move towards establishing them. Alternatively, those with low scores on this anchor will be less moved(p) by situations that may be ambiguous (Lewicki, Saunders & Barry, 2011).The next dimension individualism vs. collectivism, describes the relationships people have in each culture (Soares et al, 2007). In individualistic societies, people tend to act independently and look after only themselves and their direct families. In collectivist societies, members of the society hold a large degree of mutualness (Hofstede, 1980) and take care of their group in exchange for loyalty.Masculinity vs. Feminity is the scale anchor that differentiates societies where achievement and success is paramount (high masculine) and those where caring for others and quality of life is more important (low feminine) (Hofstede, 1994). Feminine societies are ones where quality of life is often more desirable than standing out from the crowd (Hofstede, 2014). Lastly, Long-term vs. Short Term is the dimension, which shows countries taste perception towards future rewards and perseverance or towardsshort-term gain and fulfilling past or present traditions (Hofstede and Bond, 1988).2 StrengthsSome strengths of Hofstedes model is the thoroughness and time points of his research which includes 116,000 data-based questionnaires from over 60,000 respondents across seventy countries in various decades (Hofstede, 1984 Hofstede, 1991 Hofstede, 2001). This is the most robust model in term s of sample size and variety (Smith et al., 1996). He links his dimensions with various external and internal factors, such as demographic, geographic, economic and political, and assigns indexes to every nation a feature unmatched by other frameworks (Kale & Barnes, 1992).In addition, the framework is highly useful in formulating easy hypothesises across a range of purposes and it continues to be the norm used in international marketing, psychology, management and sociology studies (Engel, Blackwell & Miniard, 1995 Sondergaard, 1994).3 WeaknessesAlthough some(a) critique Hofstedes research out-of-pocket to its alleged sample bias and its lack of inclusivity of the richness of cultures due to its sample size being based only on those working at IBM (Lewicki, Saunders & Barry, 2011), they fail to take into account further revisions of the model by Hofstede. At the transnational Institute for Management Development Hofstede administered the mental testing to international manager s from over 30 countries from a variety of both private and public organisations. The results yielded in these proved significantly similar to those in his original sample solidifying his original hypothesis (Geert, 2008). Another prominent critique is the fact that in both of these cases, there was a disproportionate level of males, members of the middle correct were over represented and education levels were much higher than average (Lewicki, Saunders & Barry, 2011), Additionally, some argue that in the model nation differences only account for 2 to 4 percent of variance in individual values, leaving at least 96 percent- if not more, unexplained.One scholar from the Academy of Management suggested that the model was incongruent with his own knowledge on psychological phenomena and suggests that analternative methodology be drafted (Ailon, 2008) to account for this 96 percent. Some academics claim that Hofstedes culture dimensions are blemished due to their categorizations of peo ple into national stereotypes rather than individual character. This is especially applicable for people living in ethnically diverse countries. (Venaik & Brewer, 2013). Lenartowicz and Roth (1999), however, contend that no wholeness methodology across any model is able to address the inclusive set of criteria relevant to cultural assessment in business studies. Lastly, it could be suggested that due to the time that the initial dimensions were formulated was so long ago they may be out-dated and no longer relevant. Others argue that the change in cultures occurs so easy that significant changes would not likely affect the model for a long period (Sivakumar and Nakata, 2001) perhaps until 2100 (Hofstede, 2001).4 Case AnalysisFive issues have been elect out of the initial ones identified and have been linked up with their relevant theories.1 Issue 1The first issue is Mr Browns flock to finalise the negotiation and his final comment suggesting impatience with the negotiations. As Chinas culture is predominantly long-term orientated (87 vs USAs 26) the Chinese representatives may take longer to finalise the negotiations due to having a disposition towards long term relationships (Zhang & Toomey, 2009). In addition to this, Chinese negotiators often need to form a relationship due to their low temperament to individualism 20 vs USAs 91 (Hofstede, 2014). This haste showed great disrespect for the Chineses efforts to form a long-term relationship with the company, an aspect commonly necessary for business arrangements to succeed in China (Fang & Faure, 2010).2 Issue 2As China is a highly particular culture on Trompenaars seven dimensions of culture model (Luthans & Doh, 2009), meaning that deciding on what is right and wrong or acceptable and unacceptable is highly dependant on the exact situation and relationships involved (Trompenaars, 1997) it was a grave issue not to hire a adapter to help overcome this barrier. Hofstede provides support for this theory by ranking China very low on the uncertainty avoidance scale (30), meaning that their rules may be very flexible and unique culturally (Hofstede, 2014).3 Issue 3As China is a high context society (Hall, 1985), the failed gift-giving resultant could correspond with a clash of this high context. Hall notes that within a high context culture messages are often covert and implicit, there is much non-verbal communication and the expression of reaction is frequently reserved and inward. The message that Mr. Deng did not want to accept the gift was most certainly covert and non-verbal and his reaction to the misfortune stayed reserved and inward most likely to save face (Goodman, 2013).4 Issue 4Halls theory additionally links to an important issue within the negotiation process. As Mr. Brown continually touched Mr. Dengs arm during negotiations, this may have been perceived as breach of outer space (Hall, 1985). The proxemics of the Chinese culture dictates that touching is rarely accepta ble (Communication Studies, 2014).5 Issue 5Another issue arising from the negotiations is both Mr. Brown toasting first at the dinner and him not leaving the dinner first. What he failed to consider when doing this was Chinas high power distance (80 vs USAs 40) (Hofstede, 2014). This suggests that China strongly values hierarchical institutions. Toasting first and disrespecting the Chinese cultural norm of the guests leaving dinner first could be perceive as disrespectful to the allege of the Chinese leadership and their subsequent authority.5 RecommendationsThree recommendations have been suggested to improve Browns Casual Shoes negotiation with China in analysis of the Case Study1 Recommendation 1The first and most important recommendation for Mr. Brown would be to hire a corporal communicator or interpreter. Although it would not be wise to hire a complete agent as it may detract from the personal relationship needing to be crafted between both parties for successful business undertakings, USA negotiators should hire an interpreter at the least or a cultural adviser at best to cut through the high context culture of the Chinese, show theChinese that they care about their culture and to offer priceless advice on the negotiation process to check off an optimal outcome for both parties (Lewicki, Saunders & Barry, 2011).2 Recommendation 2The USA negotiators should in future hire a translator to succinctly translate all of their written material including business cards, marketing presentations, business proposals, company history, product information and anything else relevant to the trip to Chinese using simplified characters (Fang & Faure, 2010, p. 138). This takes away fashion for misinterpretation on any element of business and eliminates any concept of ethnocentricity that could have been perceived as well as showing respect for their culture and language (Kwintessential, 2013).3 Recommendation 3The final recommendation is to identify whether either p arties or both parties will adjust their style of negotiation to the other parties cultural style. Confusion can sometimes arise when both parties are trying to adjust to the others negotiation style (Lewicki, Saunders & Barry, 2011, p. 245). A simple affirmation of whether this will be done can save much confusion and create an air of transparency. In many cases a secure middle ground (sometimes called joint strategy) can be agreed upon. This could be asked through an email or letter prior to negotiation commencement, or if this is not appropriate, they could ask to accost in camera with the highest authority of the Chinese party to respect their hierarchical institutions. To do this, you could simply stay around after a meeting and ask personally to speak with the leader to help him save face (Goodman, 2013, p. 177).6 ReferencesAilon, G. (2008). Mirror, mirror on the wall cultures consequences in a value test of its own design. The Academy of Management Review, 33(4), 885-904. C ommunication Studies (2014). Proxemics. Retrieved from http//www.communicationstudies.com/communication-theories/proxemics Dawar, N., & Parker, P. (1994). Marketing universals consumers use of brand, name, price, physical appearance and retailer reputation as signals of product quality. J Mark, 58(April), 81-95. Engel, J., Blackwell, R., &Miniard, P. (1995). Consumer Behaviour. n.p. The Dryden Press. Fang, T., & Faure, G. O. (2011). Chinese communication characteristics A Yin Yang perspective. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(3), 320-333. Doi http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2010.06.005. Gao, G., Toomey, T. S., Gudykunst, W. B., & Bond, M. H. (1996). The Handbook of Chinese Psychology Chinese communication processes. New York, NY Oxford University Press. Goodman, M. B. (2013). Intercultural Communication for Managers. New York, NY Business expert press. Goodman, M. B., & Wang, J. (2007). impost and innovation the china business communication study. The Journ al of Business Strategy, 28(3), 34-41. Doi http//dx.doi.org/10.1108/02756660710746256 Hall, E. T. (1985). Hidden Differences Studies in International Communication. Hamburg, GE Grunder and Jahr. Hofstede, G. (1984). Cultures consequences international differences in work-related values. Newbury Park, CA Sage Publications. Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and organizations software of the mind. New York, NY Mcgraw-Hill. Hofstede, G. (2001). Cultures Consequences Comparing Values, Behaviours, Institutions & Organizations Across Nations. Thousand Oaks, CA Sage. Hofstede, G. (2014). China. Retrieved from http//geert-hofstede.com/china.html Hofstede, G. (2014). Geert. Retrieved from http//www.geerthofstede.com/geert.aspx Hofstede, G. (2014). United States. Retrieved from http//geert-hofstede.com/united-states.html Hoover, R., Green, R., & Saegert, J. (1978). A cross-national study of perceived risk. J Mark, (July), 102-108. Kale, S., & Barnes, J. (1992). consciousness the human beings of cross-national buyer-seller instructions. Journal of International Business Studies, 23(1), 101-109. Kwintessential. (2013). China language, culture, customs and etiquette. Retrieved from http//www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/china-country-profile.html. Lewicki, R. J., Saunders, D. M., & Barry, B. (2011). Essentials of negotiation (5th ed). New York, NY Mcgraw-Hill. Luthans, F., & Doh, J. (2009). International Management. New York, NY McGraw-Hill Rubin, J. Z., & Sander, F. E. A. (1991). Culture, Negotiation and the Eye of the Beholder. Negotiation Journal, 7(1), 249-254. Doi 10.1111/j.1571-9979.1991.tb00620.x Sivakumar, K., & Nakata, C. (2001). The stampede toward Hofstedes framework avoiding the sample design pit in cross-cultural research. The Journal of International Business Studies, 32(3), 555-574. Smith, P., Dugan,S., & Trompenaars, F. (1996). National culture and the values of organizational employees a dimensional analysis across 43 nations. The Journa l of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27(2), 231-264. Soares, A. M., Farhangmehr, M., & Shoham, A. (2007). Hofstedes dimensions of culture in international marketing studies. Journal of Business Research, 60(3), 227-284. Doi http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.10.018. Sondergaard, M. (1994). Research note Hofstedes consequences a study of reviews, citations and replications. Journal of Organisational Studies, 15(3), 447-456. Steenkamp, J. (2001). The role of national culture in international marketing research. International Market Review, 18(1), 30-44. Trompenaars, F., & Hampden Turner, C. (1997). Riding the waves of culture Understanding Diversity in Global Business. New York, NY Mcgraw-Hill. University of Northern Iowa. (2011). Business Communication with China. Retrieved from http//business.uni.edu/buscomm/internationalbuscomm/world/asia/china/china.html Venaik, S., & Brewer, P. (2013). Critical issues in the Hofstede and GLOBE national culture models. International Marketing Revi ew, 30(5), 469-482. World Business Culture. (2013). Chinese business communication style. Retrieved from http//www.worldbusinessculture.com/Chinese-Business-Communication-Style.html Zhang, H., & Toomey, S. T. (1998). Communicating Effectively with the Chinese. Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publishing.

Economics Project Market Failure Essay

Ans. A marketplaceplace failure bows place when Free markets allocate resources inefficiently. The production in an economy is not Pareto optimal as shown on the PPF graph. At A the production is inefficient and at X it is impossible with the current resources. securities industry failures stack take place in all these situations 1. in that respect is a lack of merit goods such as food in the economy which leads to market failure.1. at that place is over homework of faulting goods which could harm society. For example drugs, cigarettes etc.1. There is a lack of public goods as private firms are not ready to produce them as they are not profitable.1. There is a massive income gap. The rich are too wealthy and the poor are very poor.1. There is environmental degradation or any negative externality which causes a market failure.1. There are too many monopolies formed all of which exploit consumers by charging unrealistic prices.1 of 6Economics Project Market strokeResearch Q uestion 2 How does the establishment deal with market failures?Ans. The government can take the following steps 1. Taxation Income taxation, sales tax and other ad valorem taxes ease generate government revenue to provide merit and public goods. Taxes can be imposed on the production of demerit good to reduce production. Taxes can also be imposed on firms which pollute the environment causing negative externalities.1. Subsidies Payments from the government to firms are given to bring forward the production of merit and at times public goods. For example food for everyone, public transport, post service etc.1. Legislation and Regulation If taxes and subsidies fail to naturalize then the government can use the law and imply regulations. The government could limit or ban the production of demerit goods such as cigarettes as well as heavily penalise firms which do not comply with the eco friendly standards set by the government.1. Tradable Permits These are used to control the total greenhouse emissions of an economy. The government calculates how much CO2 can be emitted and divides this among all the firms. Some firms power not want high permits and might sell some of theirs. Others might buy from them as they are unable to cut down on their greenhouse gas emissions.2 of 6Economics Project Market FailureResearch Question 3 / 4 How effective is the use of taxation and subsidies? What are the opportunity costs?Ans. The efficacy is as follows Uses of taxes 1. Raises revenue for the government which is fagged on providing public goods such as defence and merit goods such as food for the poor. It can also be used to offset the enliven on national debt.1. Environmental taxes help reduce pollution and other negative externalities. Landfill taxes, plastic bag taxes etc. are new taxes which reduce sociable costs. Demerit taxes help to reduce the production of demerit goods which are harmful for society such as cigarettes.Causes for inefficacy of taxes an d opportunity costs 1. Most demerit goods have an inelastic demand. Thus, the producers can pass on most of the burden of the tax on the consumers by hiking the prices. However, as the demand is inelastic it does not answer much to the rise in price and thus the quantity consumed remains the same thus defeating the main purpose of taxation.3 of 61. The government does not have proper information when setting the level of environmental taxes as social costs cannot be easily equated to monetary values. Also, firms may commit sendup by reducing pollution when checks take place and polluting the environment liberally at other times.1. High taxes on companies may cause higher unemployment. As the profit margins of private firms decreases they would tend to cut down on costs and thus might make some of their labour force redundant.Uses of subsidies 1. To reduce inflation as this causes prices to rise. Due to inflation many low income households are unable to purchase basic necessities such as food and clothing. The subsidies help bring the prices of these goods down.1. Encourages provision and consumption of merit goods which lead to positive externalities or social benefits. It ensures that there is no under provision and under consumption of merit goods. Food for everyone can be merit good.1. Maintain or increase the revenue of producers during tough times such as a recession or economic downturn. Subsidies help producers raise their profit margins and would therefore save them from getting bankrupt during a recession.4 of 6Causes for inefficacy of subsidies and opportunity costs 1. Subsidies tend to distort the market prices as at times only certain industries and firms are given subsidies. This can lead to misallocation of resources and can end up in a market failure itself.1. Subsidies provide arbitrary assistance. If a certain firm is favoured by the government it will be given more subsidies. Furthermore, fraud can take place as subsidies can be allocated unwisely.1. The financial cost of the subsidies can at times be too high. This leads us to think whether that much government revenue could be put to another use such as defence or street lighting. This is a major opportunity cost of boastful subsidies.1. The ones who pay for the subsidy, consumers (taxpayers) might not always benefit from the subsidies and thus the ones who pay are not always the ones who benefit thus making subsidy payments unfair.

Louis Vuitton – Japan

Executive Summary Louis Vuitton, a pioneer in luxury commercialise has Japan a key market with largest revenue generator during its golden period. Due to adverse consequences of global recession, the s wretcheddown was also faced by Louis Vuitton. In order to regain its fame, Louis Vuitton needs to alteration its manufacturing strategy and the production strategy. Goal To reinvent and regain the cachet, Louis Vuitton needs to increase and attain the largest market share in five years.Louis Vuitton offers a wide frame of luxury brands and was a trend jellter in Japan. One of the key components which drive this goal strategy is the overall market harvest-festival. Although luxury market growth rate has reduced due to the global financial crisis, the Japanese luxury market growth rate was still at six percent. Also, the customers has been shifting to low price segment, the Japanese way of consuming luxury brands was a kind of social value that they cannot afford to lose. Impediment The global financial crisis affects the consumer mind set and the behavior. The first and the most important key impediment which proves to the major obstacle in achieving the goal is high priced products offered by Louis Vuitton that could easily be attacked by different competitors. The various other companies offer the luxury products at competitive price as compare to Louis Vuitton have shaken the market share. Moreover, the product line offered by Louis Vuitton is limited and monotonous from past few years which made less impact on the consumers.Louis Vuitton was growing its strategy towards mid(prenominal) size and smaller cities except no attempt was made to promote the brand in these cities. Solution In order to revive the company, and to increase the overall market share in Japan, Louis Vuitton needs to change its manufacturing strategy by setting up a manufacturing plant in Japan with some of the French workforce leading the plant. Since Japanese luxury market is one of the leading market egments, this would eventually decrease the import cost and French workforce would help in gaining the customer satisfaction. Moreover, it go out also avoid the counterfeiting because the product is manufactured and consumed at the same place. Low scaled promotions could also be advertised during the discount season in mid size cities. Also Jacobs had signed a contract until 2018 and Marc Jacobss label was one of the rising stars in LVMHs portfolio. Jacobs could also bring many other new opportunities to just keep up the brand image and value.

Home-Style Cookies Essay

In this case muse, the focus revolves around the Lew Mark Baking Company. The Lew-Mark Baking Company according to the case study is from a small town in western New York. Lew-mark Baking company operates in New York and New Jersey. It employs around 200 workers in a mainly blue collar, informal atmosphere. In my paper, I will answer several questions about operations for this companyThe Cookie Production ProcessWhen describing the cooky output signal process for Lew-mark baking, it is best depict as using the batch processing administration. The batch processing system can best be described as the execution of a series of programs (jobs) on a computer without human interaction. Batch Processing is used when a moderate value of goods or services is desired, and it can handle a moderate variety of products and services (Stevenson 2009, P 239). This method helps with quantity management because Lew mark only makes cookys according to prerequisite. What argon two ways that the c ompany has increased productivity? Why did increasing the length of the ovens result in a faster output?One taken for granted(predicate) way the company is increasing productivity is that it only makes cookies according to the demand. What ever order it receives from its distributor is what is made in the factory. This ensures that productivity is centered on the demand and time is not wasted baking products that might or might not sell. This is return, makes productivity quicker and more efficient. As mentioned above, the Batch processing system is a huge contributor to increasing productivity. Having two ovens also helps in speeding up productivity. Lengthen the ovens by 25 feet, increased the rate of production by allowing more cookies to be baked at the same time.Automating the PackingAlthough automating the packing of the cookies in normally a quicker and more efficient way of doing business, it is my opinion the Lew-mark baking Company is doing the right thing by employing lo cal workers to do this job. It is vitally important to create good relationship within the company. This allows a company to have a stake in the community and thus foster good relationships with the local government, political officials and members of the community. Fostering these types of relationships can also be beneficial when it comes to future plans or expansions. Plus, the company has an obligation to the workers once they are employed with the company. As longs as profits and the bottom line are healthy, it should mention its commitment to the community. This would hold true in a small or large community. It is the obligation of industry to keep workforce engagement in tact. As long as industry is alive, some sort of human engagement is needed.What factors cause Lew-mark to carry minimal amounts of certain inventories? What benefits results from this policy? Obviously, the shelf life of perishables (cookies) keeps companies desire Lew-Mark from storing big quantities of cookies in the warehouse. The longer these cookies stay in the warehouse, the lower the possibility of being sold. In reading the text, Stevensons goes into great detail about the atomic number 53 Period Model of Inventory Management. This Model is used for ordering perishables and other items with limited useful life. It is interesting how Lew mark keeps a smaller inventory of labels.Their precept is that the FDA label requirements change frequently and they do not wan to get stuck with labels they cannot use. Most of their inventory is ordered in small silos two or tierce times a week to save on ordering cost. This type of inventory catch favors smaller businesses as long as they can calculate their production with accuracy. This allows Lew-mark to only buy what they use and use what they buy. If production decreases, they buy less. If production increases, they buy more. In the case of Lew-Mark Baking Company, this type of inventory control makes sense.QualityThere are advan tageous and disadvantages in using a non additive and non preservative approach to selling products. The advantage is that you can target a more health conscious audience to your product. With all the health disparities facing the country, you can carve out a specific audience for these types of products. On the convulse side, you have to race against the clock because these non additives and non preservative shorten the life of these perishable items. In other words, your selling approach needs to be more modernised in its natureConclusionIn conclusion, the Lew-Mark Baking Company has an excellent product available to its consumers. Its pitch to sell non additive non preservative cookies targets and audience that is facial expression for this type of product. Because of its size, Lew-mark capitalizes in efficiency by using very tight inventory controls and production processes that keeps the company financially conscious and fiscally responsible. Its sensitivity to the community also brings morale responsibility that is noted by many members of the community and abroad. The Companies Strategy is to create a product that is desirable to the consumer and delivering that product in a way that makes the best business sense to its owners. As a consumer, I prefer quality in the form of a soft cookie. Understanding that the cookie has non and non preservatives is a plus.

Choicepoint and Sony, an Ethical Analysis Essay

Ethics refers to what comes off as right or wrong to an individuals conscience .The internet age has brought about new respectable issues, not only for an individual but for the society as well as it has move anonymous manipulation and distribution of data, creating new and easier paths for committing crimes like piracy, identity theft, infringement of an individuals privacy etc. In this paper we will be analyzing the Choice-point case and the Sony data divulge case from an ethical point of view. (Laudon &Laudon, 2010, p.128)BackgroundThe ChoicePoint Data breach On September 27 of 2004, ChoicePoint,a company that aggregates and stores personal protestation, guess that some of its small line of descent customers were involved in suspicious activities and informed the police. (Paine, Phillips, 2008)On February of 2005, ChoicePoint only notified those residents of California whose data had been leaked to the illegal customers, since a certain law in California requires it. A prot est from the public, however, forced the company to notify the details of the breach to the other involved parties residing in the other states. The swindlers who scammed ChoicePoint had created over 50 accounts with previously stolen identities over the course of a year or even longer. (Pantesco, 2006)Look to a greater extentthe issues concerning identity theft essayChanges in business practices (Otto, Anton & Baumer, 2007) ChoicePoint made numerous changes after the 2004-2005 data breach. The company closed the 50 fake accounts and made a policy to refuse any faxed business licenses in the future .The companionship formed a new policy, that all nongovernmental establishments need to be re-credentialed in order to do business with it, and increased its procedures in verifying the identity of the company. to a greater extent stringent and better business policies in ensuring the safety of their customers data, for e.g. partial masking of social security numbers were employed. The company continued its investigations of its databases for come on indications of foul play and brought in outsiders to assess and rectify their practices. The Sony Data BreachThe Sony data breach was a result of an intrusion from an outsider party, causing an outage in the PlayStation Network and Qriocitys services between 17th April 2011 and 19th April, 2011.A confirmation from Sony revealed that pieces of personal information had been stolen from each and every 77 million accounts. This breach resulted in Sony shutting off the PlayStation Network for 23 days. (Hirai, 2011)Sony stated that the chairman of the company had submitted explanations wanted by United States House subcommittee regarding the attack and that they were taking some measures to keep further breaches. When questioned about the delay in qualification the breach public, Sony explained that theyd sought help from outside officials to conduct an investigation in order to bosom the nature and magnitude of the inc ident and hence forensic analysis and investigation had caused the delay since they wanted to have all the necessary details before making the breach public. On May 14, 2011, Sony released a security patch called PlayStation 3 firmware version 3.61 requiring users to change their password upon signing into their account in the PlayStation Network. (Seybold, 2011)recompense In compensation for this outage, Sony announced hosting of special events for their users. Sony wanted to appreciate the loyalty of the customers who stuck to using Play Station network and didnt look for other alternatives. hence Sony announced an extension of free 30 days of its various services for its existing users. Also, few of their games in the PlayStation network were made free, though these games are for sale only in some regions or countries. In addition to that Sony also offered one years worth of free identity theft aegis to all of its customers. (Wesley, 2011)Ethical Analysis According to Culnan a nd Williams (2009, p.679),the two aspects of morality that are principal to the relationship between information aggregators and information providers are vulnerability and avoiding prostitute. outlook of VulnerabilityAnalysis Since the customer gives away his data in exchange for something in return, he loses control on how that information would be used in the future.(Culnan& Williams, 2009, p. 681) The firm that is aggregating the data has the duty to exercise caution in protecting the consumers vulnerability, not only for the sake of the customer but also to crap its own reputation.However, in the cases of both ChoicePoint and Sony breach, the consumers were vulnerable. Individuals whose data ChoicePoint and Sony stored lacked knowledge about the risks posed by Choice Points credentialing procedures or the way personal information was stored by Sony.Aspect of Do No HarmAnalysis Most ethicists are of the opinion that data aggregators have the minimum duty of doing no harm when ever in that respect is an issue concerning information privacy rights (DeGeorge 2006 Goodpaster 1987 Marcoux 2003 Valesquez 2003 as cited in Culnan& Williams, 2009), even more so when their treatment of the consumers sensitive personal information makes the consumers unnecessarily vulnerable. (Culnan& Williams, 2009, p. 682)In both the cases of ChoicePoint and Sony Data breach however, the DO NO Harm principle was violated and moral responsibility was clearly absent in the air of the officials of these firms. (Culnan& Williams, 2009, p. 682)ChoicePoints questionable intentions in delaying the notification of the breach to the public and the fact that ChoicePoint only bothered to search records that were leaked within 15 months to the date of the search ,until pressurized, were criticized heavily.( Evers, 2005)Further investigations revealed that ChoicePoint had been subjected to a similar scam in 2002.( Paine, Phillips, 2008)The fact that ChoicePoint could be duped so easily with in two years proved that ChoicePoint hadnt done anything to improve its practices since the withstand breach. Similarly, Sony also had a delay in notifying the users of PlayStation network about the breach. The public disputed Sonys reason for its delay by speculating that, if Sony judged the situation to be so grave that it felt the need to shut down its PlayStation network, then they should have warned the public without any delay as well.Moreover, Sony failed to give any concrete reports regarding the breach and merely stated that they providenot rule out the possibility of a username or password leak. One more thing to be noted is that the fiends could have mayhap gotten information like email addresses and first names of the customers who had consented to receiving information about new deals or products from Sony or its partners.Now, there is a pretty good destiny that the fiends might send emails in the format of a Sony webpage template and extract valuable information fro m those customers. Hence this breach indirectly paved the way for more unintentional breaches in the future. (Eddy, 2011)According to, (Laudon &Laudon, 2010,p.135),the basic Concepts of ethics are as followsResponsibility where the individual or the organization should accept the duties, costs and obligations for the decisions that it made. Accountability where the organization should be aware of what decision is taken by whom. If it is impossible to find out who was responsible for what action then that organization is basically incapable of ethical analysis. Liability this basically extends the concept of responsibility to legal actions where the affected individuals should be able to get compensation for their damages.Analysis In my opinion, both ChoicePoint and Sony showed half-hearted ethics on these incidents as a whole. While Choicepoint did inform officials about the breach as soon as it found out, yet it only felt necessary to inform the public because of the California la w. The people in the other states were notified because of public outcry. Also limiting the search results for leaked records to only 15 months prior to the date of the search sightly because it was necessary by the law was another mistake on ChoicePoints part.Thus ChoicePoint violated the ethical concepts of responsibility and accountability yet they seemed to have still their mistake when they were making changes in their policies and practices after the 2004-2005 breach, and were willing to take corrective actions. But it is debatable whether ChoicePoints corrective measures were taken to save its own business or whether it genuinely cared for the affected individuals. Similarly, though Sony did do necessary investigations, it failed to concretely identify which parties had been affected or what kind of information have been stolen.Similar to ChoicePoint, there was a delay in notifying the public regarding the breach. Hence, there is a dearth of responsibility and accountabilit y from Sonys side as well .The compensations given can similarly be argued to be a ploy for keeping itself in the market. While, ChoicePoint and Sony offered free credit monitoring and free identity theft protection independently for one year, they disregarded the possibility that the thieves might lie low and take advantage of the stolen information after the passage of a year. Hence these companies showed half-heartedness in existence ethically liable as well.

Research Paper About Facebook

Facebook is the most popular affectionate networking site in several English-speaking countries, including Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. And it was launched in February 2004 that is operated and privately have by Facebook, Inc. Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered substance ab delectationrs to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues.As of July 2010Facebook has more than 500 million ready users. Users may create a personal profile, add other(a) users as friends and exchange messages, including automatic nonifications when they update their profile. Additionally, users may join common interest user groups, organized by workplace, discipline, or college, or other characteristics. The name of the service stems from thecolloquial name for the bookgiven to students at the start of the academic yr by university administrations in the US with the intention of helping students to get to know each other better.Facebook allows any whiz who decl bes them to be at least 13 years one date(a) to become a registered user of the website. Facebook was founded by goal Zuckerbergwith his college roommates and fellow computer science studentsEduardo Saverin,Dustin MoskovitzandChris Hughes. The websites membership was initially limited by the founders toHarvardstudents, save was expanded to other colleges in theBostonargona, theivy League, andStanford University. It gradually added support for students at various other universities before opening to high school students, and, finally, to anyone aged 13 and over. A January 2009Compete. om vignette ranked Facebook as the most usedsocial networkby worldwide monthly active users, followed byMySpace. 9Entertainment Weeklyput it on its end-of-the-decade best-of list, saying, How on earth did we stalk our exes, remember our co-workers birthdays, bug our friends, and play a rousing game of Scrabulous bef ore Facebook? 10Quantcast estimates Facebook has 135. 1 million monthly unique U. S. visitors. 11 C. deduction of Facebook Sometimes it is taking a while to get an understanding of the importance of something that is as much in the hype as Facebook is currently in 2007.With its new-fashioned positioning as an employment platform Facebook has in our view become a unique challenger to established players in the field of Personal randomness Infrastructure like Microsoft and Google. We argon going to explain this in a way that hopefully also those can get at least the notion behind it who had so far (maybe plain subsequently they done a quick inspection of Facebook and some other social networks themselves) a difficult time in understanding the significance of Facebook contribution to application platforms in general. Applications are the building blocks of everyones Personal Information Infrastructure.Every application is one block and provides users with a specific, bundled set of features. Sometimes applications (integrated applications) as we know them are sharing pregnant pieces of personally maintained information like Contacts, sometimes they do not. Facebook application a user is running to access the Facebook Contacts of this user. More importantly Whenever the user does something of significance inside(a) any Facebook application the platform itself will inform automatically his Contacts almost it Example Your friend Paul just uploaded a new photo to his albumYour personal Facebook experience is depending on the number and level of employment of your Facebook Contacts. If there is no one on Facebook you know whence the value of Facebook will be little or zero for you but the more of your Contacts are using Facebook applications actively the more value in terms of Getting to know about what they do You will get out of Facebook (classical case of the profit Effect the more people using a network the higher is the value for the individual user ).These messages that the platform is continuously distributing to the Contacts of a user are one of the core features of the application platform Facebook With this basic mechanism Facebook is allowing that Facebook users by just using their Facebook applications are staying automatically in contact with their Facebook Contacts. One standard inclination against the overall value of Facebook is that staying in such an online and direct way in touch is something that is interesting only for the younger generation. That is maybe true or not. But there is another aspect.If you are for example a senior developer and you are not interested in staying in contact with your Contacts automatically then maybe you are interested in the potential business opportunity Facebook is not only encouraging developers to create their own applications that will run inside Facebook (on top of the platform). The Facebook platform has also build in a simple but effective mechanism to promote the usage of your newly created application any Contacts of any new user of your Facebook application will get (in exactly the same way as already described) a notification that these users just started to use your application.This form of directly build in application promotion/marketing for your application can deliver high numbers of users to any application so fast that probably most application providers will be challenged to handle the demand (please see for details this excellent article from Marc Andreessen ). Example I run across it fascinating how important Facebook has become in todays society. Below are 2 examples of how ridiculous it is A. A friend of mine, and his gf broke up. A month or so by and by I saw that his FB profile read In a relationship so I called him.He and his gf got back together and it was very important to her that he change his status to that. I thought it was trivial but it was a huuuge deal to her. B. Last night I get a call from a friend who has been havin g marital problems. he called to tell me he thinks his marraige is over. We go over the whole story and I tell him to wait and see if she calms down. He says he knows its over because she de-friended him on facebook. Am I the only one who is so surprised at how important FB has become to people in their personal lives? D.Development of Facebook Mark Zuckerberg wrote Facemash, the predecessor to Facebook, on October 28, 2003, while attending Harvard as a sophomore. The site represented a Harvard University version of Hot or Not, and according to The Harvard Crimson, Facemash used photos compiled from the online Facebook of guild Houses, placing two next to each other at a time and asking users to choose the hotter person. To accomplish this, Zuckerberg hacked into the protected areas of Harvards computer network, and copied the houses private mansion house ID images.Harvard at that time did not have a student directory with photos and basic information, and Facemash attracted 450 v isitors and 22,000 photo-views in its first four hours online. That the initial site mirrored peoples physical conjunction with their real identities represented the key aspects of what later became Facebook. The site was quickly forwarded to several campus group list-servers, but was shut down a few days later by the Harvard administration. Zuckerberg was charged by the administration with breach of security, violating copyrights, and violating individual privacy, and faced expulsion.Ultimately, however, the charges were dropped. Zuckerberg expanded on this initial project that semester by creating a social study tool ahead of an art history final, by uploading 500 sniffyan images to a website, with one image per page along with a comment section. He opened the site up to his classmates, and people started sharing their notes. The following semester, Zuckerberg began writing code for a new website in January 2004. He was inspired, he said, by an pillar in The Harvard Crimson abo ut the Facemash incident.On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched The Facebook, originally located at thefacebook. com. Just six days after the site launched, three Harvard seniors, Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra, accused Zuckerberg of intentionally lead astray them into believing he would help them build a social network called HarvardConnection. com, while he was instead using their ideas to build a competing product. The three complained to the Harvard Crimson, and the newspaper began an investigation. The three later filed a lawsuit against Zuckerberg, subsequently settling.Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, and within the first month, more than half the undergraduate population at Harvard was registered on the service. Eduardo Saverin (business aspects), Dustin Moskovitz (programmer), Andrew McCollum (graphic artist), and Chris Hughes soon joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale. This expansion continued when it opened as well to all other Ivy League schools and Boston University, New York University, MIT, and gradually most universities in Canada and the United States. Total active users(in millions)Date Users Days later Monthly growth August 26, 2008 100 1,665 178. 38% April 8, 2009 200 225 13. 33% September 15, 2009 300 150 10% February 5, 2010 400 143 6. 99% July 21, 2010 500 166 4. 52% 600 143 (ongoing) Facebookincorporatedin the spend of 2004, and the entrepreneurSean Parker, who had been informally advising Zuckerberg, became the companys president. In June 2004, Facebook moved its base of operations toPalo Alto, California. It received its first investment later that month fromPayPalco-founderPeter Thiel. The company droppedfrom its name after purchasing thedomain namefacebook. om in 2005 for $200,000. Facebook launched a high school version in September 2005, which Zuckerberg called the next logical step. At that time, high school networks required an invitation to join. Facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies, includingApple Inc. andMicrosoft. Facebook was then opened on September 26, 2006, to every one of ages 13 and grey-headeder with a validemail address. On October 24, 2007, Microsoft announced that it had purchased a 1. 6% share of Facebook for $240 million, giving Facebook a total implied value of around $15 billion.Microsofts purchase include rights to place international ads on Facebook. In October 2008, Facebook announced that it would set up its international headquarters in Dublin,Ireland. In September 2009, Facebook said that it had turned cash in flow positive for the first time. In November 2010, based on Second Market Inc. , an exchange for share of privately held companies, Facebook value was $41 billion (surpassing EBays slightly), and it became the third-largest US Web Company after Google and Amazon. Traffic to Facebook increase d steadily after 2009. More people visited Facebook than Google for the week ending March 13, 2010.Facebook also became the top social network across eight individual markets in Asiathe Philippines, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, New Zealand, Hong Kong and Vietnam, while other brands commanded the top positions in certain markets, including Google-owned Orkut in India, Mixi. jp in Japan, CyWorld in confederation Korea, and Yahoo s Wretch. cc in Taiwan. II. Potential Facebook habituation A. Social Networking to your Old Friends The best thing about Facebook for those of us, who have been out of school for a long time, is the ability to find old friends.When you find old friends using Facebook youre given the chance to make amends, start over and be best friends again, not to mention find lost love. B. Business Facebook Pages (thats with a capital P) were created to give businesses their own profile on Facebook. In fact, originally, the code that do up a Facebook Page a ppeared to be almost exactly the same as that which generated user profile pages. Pages give your business or brand an identicalness on Facebook. With a Page, those interested and following your brand can become fans, and when they do so, all their friends will see this.You can store photos, videos, information about your company, and custom applications on your Page. All activity on Pages gets posted back to your Mini Feed for all your friends to see. C. Communicating to other Nation Other nations are using this site in communicating. Nowadays, chatting or having social life with other nation is a great issue. Filipinos are one of the examples in making friends with the other. Foreigners are now married with the other Filipina and that because of Facebook. And also, this might be the reason why we have this unity even though were not that same. III. Effects of Addiction to FacebookA. Financially We are force to spend our allowance because we are enjoying using Facebook. Like in ou r phone, just by reloading we can now connect with Facebook. Likewise, when we do not have our computer at home, we tend to visit internet shops. Some people do have their connections at home using the chunk Broadband and paying monthly. B. Health Problems The debate rages on about how these social networking sites affect our health. many people have made new friends or even met special mates on these social networking sites. Some studies suggest that Facebook or Twitter could actually be harmful to our social health.Instead of meeting people in person, we are spending more time in front of our computer screens checking out the latest info. I sincerely do not see how anyone really cares when John goes to the bathroom or eats dinner. Some famous celebrities use facebook too and use it constantly. C. Mentally Professionals worry that these cyber interactions are a detriment to participants in that they discourage traditional human interaction. It is far easier to log onto a website and chat with friends than it is to drive to their homes to see them in person, but physical human interaction is important to ones mental well-being.Also, maintaining contact solely through cyberspace can be damaging in that it is somewhat superficial and not as meaningful as face to face conversation. Lest you forget the nuances of a smile or the meaning behind an embrace, it is best to use Facebook sparingly in maintaining interpersonal relationships. IV. Signs of Facebook Addiction A. Neglecting your Studies establish on the experiences, students find their selves alone and making fun. Simply, they are enjoying Facebook. Instead of studying, they spend more time in this site.Telling their parents that they have a research to do but the truth is they will just log in and they will share thoughts with their friends. Technology now is part of our life. Even a seven year old girl or boy does have their Facebook now. This is the proof that Facebook has greatly influenced the life of everyone. Students cannot focus in their studies because they have the reason to enjoy surfing the internet. B. Facebook Games vs. Cultural Games Many active users are playing games in Facebook. C. Rebellion V. ConclusionVI. References http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Facebook

Child Observation Paper

Child Observation Paper Jason Betts Pacific Oaks College November 12, 2012 The usage of this paper is to discuss and review my observation of a 7 year old African American male who is being raised by his naan (45 year old Bi-racial female who has 9 fryren of her possess 7 of the children are still in the house). During my observation of capital of Mississippi, I focused on the next domains of child development * Physical * Cognitive * Social * Emotional I applied Attachment opening end-to-end the observations, which were completed at his home, at the honey oil, and at the grocery store.I was un qualified to observe capital of Mississippi at his school. capital of Mississippi is being raised by his grandm some other because his overprotect is addicted to drugs, and is unable to provide a home for him and his 2 other siblings. capital of Mississippi has been raised by the grandmother since age 2. capital of Mississippi appears good nourished, dressed appropriately, but looks somewhat withdrawn, especially when interacting with other adults, and sometimes his receive family members. Attachment theory is the dynamics of long term relationships between people. The most important relationship is the one between an infant and at least one health professional.The level of social and emotional development during the relationship is crucial, in order for standard development to occur within the child. The first to develop the theory was outhouse Bowlby, who realized the importance of the childs relationship with their primary caregiver (usually the mother), in terms of the childs emotional, cognitive, and social development. The found goal of the appendix behavior system is to maintain the bond with an emotionally available and accessible adherence figure. On family line 7, 2012, observation 1 was conducted at the park between 830am and 1000am. I suck up personally known capital of Mississippis grandmother for 2 ears. Present at the park was capital of Mississippi, 3 of Jacksons cousins (ages 8, 10, and 11), and Jacksons grandmother. It was a sunny day, and the park was empty at first, but as time passed, a few other families arrived to make up. I voiceless on Jacksons social and emotional development with the use of Attachment theory. During playtime with his cousins, and a few strangers children, Jackson was able to play freely for a short period of time, and did non concern himself with the proximity of his caregiver (grandmother) and himself. When agitated for whatever reasons, Jackson was the physical aggressor.This may be related to the ambivalent/resistant holdfast he has with his maternal mother. Jackson quickly changed from being positive, to being negative, demonstrated bullying behavior, and his communication skills declined as demonstrated by the profane language he used when upset or agitated. It appears that Jackson has a low self-image and low self-esteem (Ainsworth Attachment Pattern Chart). I think this is wh y he bullies others. Although Jackson and his grandmother have a somewhat secure concomitant, it is still an insecure attachment, and there are signs of an avoidant attachment pattern.The grandmother has little response when Jackson is distressed, she discourages crying, and reminds Jackson to be independent, and a big boy. On September 21, 2012, observation 2 was conducted at Jacksons grandmothers home between the hours of 200pm and 330pm. It was a sunny day, very hot, and premise in the home were all 7 of the grandmothers children (between the ages of 7-21), and Jacksons younger siblings (brother-3 years old and sister-4 years old). I concentrated on Jacksons cognitive and physical development with the use of Attachment theory.Jackson was doing homework, and watching the other children play a video game. The grandmother was in the kitchen cooking dinner. Jackson appeared to be able to work on his subject material without assistance, but was unable to stay focused on the task. T he grandmother stated that Jackson did not perform well in school. I asked Jackson if he received good grades. The other children added their grades to the conversation. They all said they received As and Bs. Jackson appeared withdrawn, and was somewhat embarrassed sooner stating that he did not do well in school.Jackson knows that he can perform better in school. When the other children began to tease Jackson, he was ready to fight some of them. This is typical behavior for Jackson, and is also a pattern of disorganized attachment. Children with a disorganized pattern in infancy tend to show frantic patterns of relationships, subsequently, their relationships with peers can often be characterized by a fight or flight pattern of jump aggression and withdrawal. Jacksons coping skills when upset, threatened, or embarrassed is fight, unless the person is physically bigger than him.If this is the case, Jackson uses flight to cope, and seeks his grandmother for protection and comfort. On October 13, 2012, observation 3 was conducted at the grocery store and at a fast food restaurant between the hours of 300pm and 430pm. It was an over cast day, and present at the store and restaurant were 6 of the grandmothers children (between the ages of 7-21), and Jacksons mother. I concentrated on Jacksons social, emotional, and physical development with the use of Attachment theory. Jacksons mother arrived at the store, and met us inside.I was surprised to see Jacksons mother, and so was Jackson. The mother and Jackson did not communicate with each other. The mother got upset at the store with the grandmother, and stated she was going to leave, and take Jackson with her. The grandmother said No. Jackson became very upset, and yelled, No I hate you Jackson was able to calm down when the mother left the scene. This occurred in the parking lot at the store. At the restaurant, Jackson started bulling the smaller cousins. The grandmother did not correct the behavior.The grandm other stated that Jackson was only playing. This lack of field reassures Jackson that this behavior is appropriate solving problems with his fists, and when upset or threatened, to fight his own battles. This is another mannequin of disorganized attachment. Although Jackson is being cared for by his grandmother, in a loving home, due to the disorganized attachment he has with his mother, the maternal deprivation from birth to age 2 or 3, the abuse, trauma, and lack of stability throughout his young life, Jackson has to initially protect himself by demonstrating physical behavior.Jackson uses physical aggression as a coping skill in certain situations. Jackson has been harmed by the abusive non- relationship with his mother, which may have internalized a negative self-image and negative expectations into his relationships with his grandmother and others. The grandmothers avoidant style in the relationship has continue the mental abuse of Jackson. There is a lack of an intimate, enj oyable relationship between Jackson and his grandmother, which forget continue to have a negative impact on the mental and social development of Jackson.Jackson is want stability and appropriate responses to the experiences he encounters daily. Jackson and his family are good candidates for therapy individual for Jackson, and family therapy for the rest of the family. Jacksons mother pauperisms drug treatment and counseling, in order to possibly repair the damaged non-relationship she has with Jackson, and with her own mother. According to Ainsworth, the early intervention for disorganized attachment, or other problematic styles, is directed toward changing the flight of development to provide a better outcome later in the persons life.Jackson is in great need of intervention. Without intervention, it appears that Jackson will continue his development into an angrier, emotionally unbalanced, young man. References Ainsworth, MD (1967). Infancy in Uganda. Baltimore John Hopkins Pr ess. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment. Attachment and Loss. Vol. I. London Hogarth. Bowlby, J. , Ainsworth, M. D. , Fry, M. (1965). Child care and the growth of love (2d Ed. ). Baltimore Penguin Books.

Southwest Airlines: Organizational Commitment and Communication

souwest Airlines strong organizational culture is reflected in its mission as shown in its website dedication to the highest quality of Customer Ser iniquity de toleratered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and Comp each Spirit. Southwest is a conjunction that non only excels in guest ser wrong-doing and profit aptitude further in like manner in employee development. Its organizational dedication is not reduce to the organization it is actually expand it to an ongoing descent with the employees where they shake off the opportunity to express their ideas, suggestions and concerns.This organizational culture has made Southwest Airlines one of the companies with the fewest customer complaints, and an employee turnover ratio of less than 10 percent (DAurizio, 2008). The same strong culture Southwest Airlines has reinforced over the time is supported by every employee who has in mind that they have to deliver a warm and friendly assistance to their customer s. Southwest managements strategy could not be any better the management treats employees as family, expecting from the employees to treat customers like family as soundly.The company is characterized for having a decentralized coordinate. In between the CEO and the frontline supervisors, there argon only a few levels. Their philosophy on structure is very relaxed. Any employee who feels the need is welcomed to contact someone above their supervisor. The president has three executive vice presidents who each have five or six vice presidents who report to them. There is one vice president of Internal Audits and Special Projects who reports directly to the president. (Rivera, Cornwell, Abenes, 2003)The Southwest culture creates and integrates a dedicated and motivated work force that succeeds together. The owners leadership style is led by example that is how Kelleher treats his employees, like family, he is open to communicate and he also spots the vital role in forming this uniq ue culture. Before people last employed at Southwest, the managers in charge of the hiring interview make sure they embed the organizational culture in the candidates. When they become part of the Southwest family, then they are treated like part of it.Any event in the lives of the employees are acknowledged and celebrated by everyone, everyone cherish for the achiever and happiness of the members of the family. The company establishes special programs for families of employees. The company listens to comments and feedback, not only from employees, but also employees families, customers, and vendors (DAurizio, 2008). This company has become profitable by putting into recitation the philosophy of an open communicating. Southwest does not have the culture only in paper, they actually live it.The managers start giving the example to the employees, and they follow their leaders. Southwest strategically generates satisfaction to their employees, this needs satisfactions will later re flect and convert into satisfaction to the customer and shareholder value via organizational capabilities I believe the success of Southwest Airlines comes from the combination of different sources of power. Part of it comes from the expert power, and also from the strengthener power. Southwest management had has the ability and knowledge to create such an amazing organizational culture, this ability is the expertise power.Now the way they have applied the idea into real actions, the fact that they led by example and treat the employees as family is the reward power. The management has gained the respect, trust and loyalty from their employees. This is because of what they have done not only with words but more important with actions. Concerning the communication aspect, this plays an important role in the organizational culture of Southwest Airlines and the way the employees dig that culture.The website Reference for Business (2009) explain how the contend of a message send will be discriminate in different way by every individual. Each person gives their own personal intend to the message received. This also happens due to the experience, the murderer makes sense out of a message based on experience. No one can perceive experiences in the same exact way as other does. Each individual has a unique set of experiences, a unique perceptual filter, that helps them to understand or interpret messages received.These filters are built over time by each individual person agree to their childhood background, and the life experiences. Finally, we can say that the combination of the message received and he experience of the receiver is what makes an interpretation of the message. This is the reason wherefore Southwest management emphasizes in a clear and concrete communication. They know how some messages can be easily misunderstood or twisted on the way. And this is the reason why they keep an open communication to the employees.Allowing questions when the mes sage was not clear, as well as allowing suggestions when the employees do not agree. The challenge for every organization is how to create a gigantic channel of communication that will enable employees to comprehend messages in the way they were originally intended to be transmitted. According to Beebe and Masterson, conflict in a group occurs when members disagree over two or more options that a group can cook in trying to make a decision, resolve a problem, or achieve a remainder (Chapter 7, p. 69).Other types of conflicts can occur as a result of differences in goal. Now, the good news approximately conflict is that it can be use in a positive way contrarily to the public belief that states that a conflict should always be avoided. Southwest Airlines, for example, could use conflict to challenge their employees to research, or come up with ideas of how to resolve some specific issues, problems. Additional researches will help to determine a better way to fix problem that are costing a lot of money to the company.The commitment of Southwest airlines is to a culture that motivates, empowers and promotes employees to make the company one of the best companies to work for, as well as one of the most profitable one. One of the most important tools this company uses is the open communication and the in-house advancement that encourages a positive perception of company culture, allowing employees the opportunity to express ideas, suggestions, concerns that Make them believe they are part of the Southwest family.Southwest best strategy is the commitment not only to the organization itself but also to the employees. Everyone there is part of a big family who works hard to keep harmony n within the family. They use great leadership styles where the managers led by example and they are always open to any communication. This company should be use as example as what it is to build a great culture and a great organizational commitment.