Saturday, December 28, 2019

Analysis of Hamlet Essay - 8190 Words

The play does not open with the protagonist, nor with the direct disclosure of the problem. It points to unanswered questions and reveals anxiety and unrest. There is said to be a ghost, but the reason and purpose for the ghosts appearance are unknown. Basically, we can say that the first scene creates an atmosphere and the basis for the disclosure of the specific problem. The first point dramatically established is that there really is a ghost, although the questions raised by its appearance are unanswered. Horatio, the scholar and the skeptic, comes to test the report given by the simple soldiers. The empirical proof that Horatio seeks is there; the ghost appears and it is seen to have a specific identity, that of the deceased King†¦show more content†¦This account of the past, and the connection with present military preparations, seems to explain the appearance of the ghost. But Horatio sees it as a more disturbing omen, going further back to ancient history, to the deat h of Julius Caesar, and he refers to visitations from beyond the grave as preceding some momentous destructive event in the world. But Horatio cannot answer his own questions and gets no answers from the ghost; he doesnt know whether its connected to upheaval in the state, personal guilt, recent events or whether its part of some general pattern. Altogether, the effect of the opening scene is that questions are asked, anxieties are expressed, but there are no certain answers. One of the soldiers says hes sick at heart, Horatio is troubled, and another soldier discusses spirits being abroad as something negative, contrasted to Christmastime. What we have here is something similar to a musical overture, where thematic interests are given concerning the topics to be developed in the play: groping in the dark, revenge, questions, suspected connections to evil, etc. We also get tension in preparation for the disclosure that will come from the ghost in later acts. What the scene does not do is itself significant, and the fact that there is no disclosure of information here is doubly important. One aspect of the importance is that the disclosure will be given only to Hamlet, as Horatio guesses, and that will be the basis for the taskShow MoreRelatedHamlet Analysis : Hamlet 1149 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish December 7, 2015 Hamlet Analysis Prince Hamlet is a man who enjoys contemplating difficult philosophical questions. When his father the king of Denmark, was killed by his uncle. when Hamlet returns he sees his ghost after he returns home to find evidence of his father’s death. The Ghost of Hamlet tells Prince Hamlet that his uncle Claudius his uncle was the one who killed his father with poison of the ear. Throughout the rest of the story with him, Hamlet seeks to prove his uncle ClaudiusRead MoreHamlet Analysis Essay On Hamlet954 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeares play, Hamlet, is an intriguing and intricate drama about an individual who wants to avenge the death of his father. Prince Hamlet’s father, King Hamlet, was once king and the throne was inherited by his evil brother, King Claudius. In addition to inheriting the throne, Claudius has married Prince Hamlet’s mother, Gertrude, which is perceived as weird and unlawful. Interestingly, Prince Hamlet has cohesive evidence that King Claudiu s is responsible for the death of his father. As aRead MoreAnalysis of Shakespeares Hamlet720 Words   |  3 PagesCharacter analysis of Hamlet, Ghost, Horatio: Act 1, Scenes 1-5 The story of Hamlet is so famous, it is easy to forget that at the beginning of the play, Hamlet is unaware of the fact that his father was murdered by his uncle. Hamlet begins the play a depressed, angry young man who is barely able to conceal the fact that he despises his new stepfather for marrying his mother so soon after his beloved fathers demise. However, he has no proof that his uncle did anything wrong at first. In fact, theRead MoreAnalysis Of Hamlet s Hamlet 1265 Words   |  6 PagesHow far would a man, who is a still a child at heart, go to avenge the death of his father? Hamlet, who is the son of the recently deceased King, engages in a quest to avenge his father, who was murder by the man who is now in his place, and married to the queen. Hamlet tries to develop a plan to kill King Claudius, but only time is stopping him. Time inevitably leads toward expiration of a human life. Hamlet shows a great concern for time and its effects, which was brought upon a death that contributedRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Hamlet 1366 Words   |  6 PagesDeven Sect. 4 Professor Roberts April 21, 2015 Literary Analysis Psychological State of the Characters in Hamlet The English Play writer, William Shakespeare had written many well-known pieces of work including Hamlet. Hamlet is known to be one of his most popular works. Hamlet was written in the late 16th Century about the Prince of Denmark. The original title of the work was The Tragedy of Hamlet, now it is referred to as just Hamlet. In Hamlet, William Shakespeare uses the mental state of his charactersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Structure Hamlet 1233 Words   |  5 PagesStability, Sanity, and Structure (Analysis of the structure in Shakespeare’s Hamlet) Structure is in our lives all around us; we see it in work lives, our home lives, in our owe bodies, and even more so in the curriculum that kids are learning at school. Structure, in all aspects, is constructed according to a plan. It gives a sense of assembly and backbone to whatever we are looking at. We see structure is in the information students are attaining at school, especially in the literary sense. ManyRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Hamlet In Hamlet730 Words   |  3 PagesHamlet is a character of melancholy because he is a very sad individual finding out that his very own uncle has killed his father. He is wanting to commit suicide but he’s contemplating it because it is a sin. He is not to fond of Claudius considering he was the one that had killed his father in the first place. â€Å"O most wicked speed, to post/ With such dexterity to incestuous sheets!/ It is not nor it cannot come to good/ But break my heart, for I must hold my tongue† This quote is s howing how heRead MoreHamlet Critical Analysis Of Hamlet1191 Words   |  5 Pagesplay, Hamlet, has been interpreted and converted into a film numerous times by different directors, Kenneth Branagh’s adaptation particularly captured the essence of Hamlet and helped the audience truly understand the events that transpired in Act Three Scene Two of Hamlet. It is in this act, Hamlet plan to reveal King Claudius’ treachery is played out. Hamlet exposes the king through adding an extra sixteen lines to the play which depicts him killing Hamlet’s father. With the directions Hamlet gaveRead MoreHamlet Character Analysis961 Words   |  4 PagesWhen one reads William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, it is easy to overlook the female characters as powerless and subservient. However, things are not always what they seem at first glance, as a further analysis of Gertrude and Ophelia suggests. Although the plot centers around Hamlet’s quest for revenge, these two femal e characters have a profound influence on what transpires. These women certainly play more significant roles than they seem at first. In Act I, Gertrude appears to be an unfaithful wifeRead MoreHamlet Soliloquies and Their Analysis1527 Words   |  7 PagesHAMLET’S SOLILOQUIES THEIR ANALYSIS In the course of the play, Hamlet has seven long soliloquies. The first of these occurs before he has seen the Ghost. In this soliloquy, Hamlet reveals the grief that has been gnawing at his mind. He wishes that religion did not forbid suicide so that he could kill himself and be rid of this grief. He feels disillusioned with the world. â€Å"How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable, Seem to me all the uses of this world†. He deplores (condemns) the

Friday, December 20, 2019

Role in Inducing and Maintaining the Pluripotency of Mice...

Several members of the zinc finger family of proteins are key components in the transcriptional network maintaining pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. The mouse zinc finger protein 322a (Zfp322a) is expressed in embryonic stem cells and the ICM. Thus Ma et al. 2014 hypothesized that Zfp322a functions as a transcription factor in mice. Ma et al. (2014) discovered that Zfp322a is an irreplaceable transcription factor which enhances the reprogramming ability of OKSM (Oct4, Klf4, Sox2, and c-Myc) and can replace Sox2 in OKSM in the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). First, in order to determine whether or not Zfp322a is a transcription factor in mice, the authors analyzed its expression in mouse embryonic stem (mES)†¦show more content†¦A gene ontology search revealed that Zfp322a is involved in diverse cellular processes. A microarray approach determined that Zfp322a is able to directly repress and activate a number of the genes it binds. Importantly, this microarray approach confirmed the author’s previous observation that Zfp322a represses the MAPK cascade. Previously, two nodes in the transcriptional network maintaining pluripotency were identified by Chen et al. 2008. Interestingly however, Zfp322a did not preferentially interact with either the c-Myc or Sox2/Oct4 transcription factor clusters. Zfp322a’s 10 C2H2 zinc finger domains bind the major groove of DNA (Lodish et al. 2013), and may give Zpf322a the ability to bind a diverse array of DNA sequences. In support of this hypothesis, no DNA consensus sequence for Zfp322a binding was identified. Zfp322a co-localized equally with all 12 of the transcription factors tested. Coupled with Zfp322a’s dynamic ability to concomitantly repress differentiation, these observations suggest a more profound role for Zpf322a. From the genome-wide analysis of Zfp322a regulation the authors concluded that Zfp322a is an integral component in the pluripotency regulatory network. Zfp322a may contribute to chromatin remodeling associated with maintenance of mES chromatin. Ma et al. 2014 identified a large number of genes enriched with Zfp322a that were involved in chromatin modification,Show MoreRelatedPluripotent Stem Cell Essay1608 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors†  ¬Stem cells are yet undifferentiated cells, with the potential capability to further divide indefinitely, and the ability to give rise to more specialized cell types. Embryonic stem(ES) cells are of especially great importance due to their pluripotency and hence ability to differentiate to cells of all three germ layers. Due to the great replicative powers of these cells, they may be used to treatRead MoreA Research Study On Regenerative Medicine And Transplantation2123 Words   |  9 Pagesmedical research embarking on the evolvement of embryonic stem cells(ESCs)and reprogrammed human somatic cells called induced pleuri potent stem cells(iPSCs) .Human embryonic stem cells were first derived in 1998 by Thomson et al. and induced pleuri potent stem cells(iPSCs) in 2007(Thai Journal of Obstetrics and GynaecologyApril 2013) The innate proficiency of the human embryonic stem cells to differentiate into multiple cell lineages i.e pluripotency and worthy of self renewal score them as invaluable

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Marketing and Entrepreneurship for Funding - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMarketing and Entrepreneurship for Funding and Ethics. Answer: A non-profit organization that implements the marketing concept. Nonprofit organizations are slowly adopting business-like techniques in their operations, and are becoming involved and more confronted with market pressures which are only typical to the profit-making entities. These include elements such as competition, funding, and ethics in marketing, as well as the need to earn money to fulfill their missions. The Red Cross organization is a globally known nonprofit organization (Bell et al. 2015). This organization deal in ensuring that the lives of individuals remain one particular concept utilized by most nonprofit entities is the need to understand the consumer. There is still a lot of orientation needed for the nonprofit sector. What is the exchange taking place? What is the profit they seek? Over the past decade, most nonprofits have been introducing marketing concepts into their activities. The Red Cross to be precise has realized that adequate marketing could help them achieve their mission and are, therefore, challenged be more complicated decisions. Marketing in this organization begins and ends with the consumer. The consumer satisfaction is the priority of the organization, where all policies are formulated to favor service delivery and its quality to the consumers. The form of profit this organization seeks has a lot to do with consumer satisfaction, personnel satisfaction and increased funding, which has been achieved over the decade (Hill et al. 2015). Do they apply the marketing concept? How can you tell? Instead of embracing marketing concepts which are relevant to the profit entities, and beginning the marketing process with the consumer, followed by the investigation of what the market needs, nonprofit organizations have embraced organization centered marketing. This mindset makes most entities to believe that their services are needed by the markets falsely. Red Cross completely applies the marketing concept, through service branding and the provision of quality, which has everything to do with the satisfaction of the consumer. Prioritizing the consumer is the ultimate goal and path to profitability. The Billabong website Target customers need to be constantly informed and reminded about the organization, its products, and benefits of being associated with the entity (Cohen Winn, 2017). There is a need to ensure that despite the physical distance between the organization stakeholders and consumers, websites which have been created, need to be at the forefront of trying to help in establishing a relationship between the two. In the case of Billabong, a lot of information has been provided in the Billabong site on the surfing, skiing and skating industry. It is very important for organizations to find a way to communicate to consumers about their commodities, despite the fact that this is to happen on virtual sites. Therefore, this information does not ultimately help Billabong as an organization, to build a relationship with the target consumers. Most consumers are bound to be left asking questions regarding the specifics of the products which are offered by Billabong. While most are aware that it belongs to a particular industry, the specific commodities will not have been marketed most effectively. Consumers, therefore, need to be given detailed information regarding specific products to fill the numerous communication gaps. Consumer doubts should be eliminated for billabong organization to remain competitive in the industry (Miles Coven, 2016). The ultimate aim, which is profit-making, should be realized in the most efficient manner, which is through professional marketing and product advertising. Communication in marketing is the most important to enhance overall organization success and overall growth. How worldwide demographic trends are affecting opportunities for international marketing and which industries are set to benefit from the aging baby boomers In marketing, demographics have proven to be of influence to the marketing industry. The demographics of the world can either have positive or negative effects on marketing (Morris et al. 2012). There is a need to identify the worldwide demographic trends for one to have a better understanding about the effects of the demographics on the global marketing sector. In the modern world, there are five major trends and each of them has an impact on the marketing sector. The first trend is the ration of children to older persons. Currently, the ratio of children to older persons stands at 3:1. However, it is expected to decline and in 2015, the older persons in the society are expected to be more than the young persons. Therefore, marketing is faced with a challenge of changing the marketing strategies as well as products. The reason behind it is because older people have different tastes and preferences compared to young people. The second trend is the emergence of illnesses which have not been there before. The world health organization states that invisible non-communicable diseases kill more than 60% of the population (Zimmerer et al. 2015). When there is prevalence of such diseases, marketing is affected in different ways. First, the marketing of health products is affected in a positive way because the health products meet the needs of the consumers. Second, more customers become more cautious about the products they buy. Therefore, the marketing teams are forced to ensure that the right strategies are implemented to win the hearts of the consumers. At the same time, the number of potential customers is affected negatively thus leaving a small number of the customers for the marketers to meet their needs. The third trend is the speed of aging. The population is aging at a higher rate. Therefore, the young market is affected and that in turn also affects the marketers because they are forced to go back to the drawing board to know the best way to market to the aging population. The fourth trend is dependency of the old age. Most of the old persons depend on others and that means that they do not have enough monetary power (Morris Paul, 2017). Therefore, marketing to them is of no significance. The last trend is reduced child dependency and increased working age. In the modern day, young people are starting to work at a very small age and that means that child dependency is decreasing. Therefore, the marketers are left with a challenge of knowing the specific demographics to target. The industries which are likely to benefit from baby boomers are the insurance industry and the healthcare industry. Most of the old persons are insured for retirement benefits and also healthcare (Knight, 2010). Therefore, the insurance companies are making profits through them. Older age comes with medical challenges. Therefore, the baby boomers must seek the attention of healthcare practitioners time after time. As a result, the healthcare industry stands to gain and earn more from the baby boomers. Bibliography Bhuian, S. N., Menguc, B., Bell, S. J. (2015). ust entrepreneurial enough: the moderating effect of entrepreneurship on the relationship between market orientation and performance. Journal of business research, 9-17. Carson, D., Cromie, S., McGowan, P., Hill, J. (2015). Marketing and entrepreneurship in SMEs: an innovative approach. Hemel Hempstead. Cohen, B., Winn, M. I. (2017). Market imperfections, opportunity, and sustainable entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(1), 29-49. Covin, J. G., Miles, M. P. (2016). Corporate entrepreneurship and the pursuit of competitive advantage. Entrepreneurship: Theory and practice, 23(3), 47-47. Knight, G. (2010). Entrepreneurship and marketing strategy: The SME under globalization. Journal of international marketing, 8(2), 12-32. Morris, M. H., Schindehutte, M., LaForge, R. W. (2012). Entrepreneurial marketing: a construct for integrating emerging entrepreneurship and marketing perspectives. Journal of marketing theory and practice, 10(4), 1-19. Morris, M. H., Paul, G. W. (2017). The relationship between entrepreneurship and marketing in established firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 2(3), 247-259. Zimmerer, T. W., Scarborough, N. M., Wilson, D. (2015). Essentials of entrepreneurship and small business management. Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

9

9-11 could have been avoided if the Secret Service Essay s would have done their WorkPreceding the terrible events on September 11th, 2001, the American Secret Services have made many mistakes in regard to the possibility of preventing 9-11. The Secret Services, mainly the CIA and the FBI, have made a great lot of mistakes. After an initial meeting in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where eight terrorists met, the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) let go of them after their meeting, assuming it was unimportant . After the attack on the USS Cole in 2000 they changed their minds, now coming to the conclusion that major agreements regarding the Cole as well as regarding the WTC (World Trade Center) were made in Malaysia. However, it was too late. As the year 2001 approached and warnings accumulated, they still did not react. The September 11th-attacks could have been avoided if the Secret Services would not have been hindered in their work by higher authorities and if they would have cooperated/shared their findings. Mistakes long before 9-11After the 1996 crash of TWA flight 800, 31 urgent proposals by a White House commission were proposed. The Los Angeles Times:The White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security, created in 1996 after TWA Flight 800 crashed off Long Island, N.Y., recommended 31 steps that it said were urgently needed to provide a multilayered security system at the nations airports The Federal Aviation Administration expressed support for the proposals, which ranged from security inspections at airports to tighter screening of mail parcels, and the Clinton administration vowed to rigorously monitor the changes. But by Sept. 11, most of the proposals had been watered down by industry lobbying or were bogged down in bureaucracy, a Times review found. This was not at all done; according to Larry Klayman, CEO of Judicial Watch (a Washington-based legal organization aimed at fighting the corruption in state and Government):During the last eight years of scandal during the Cl inton administration, and the first eight months of the Bush Administration, reports this morning confirm that little to nothing was done to secure our nations airports and transportation systems as a wholedespite warnings. Instead, cosmetic reform of education, social security, taxes, and other less important issues were given precedence. In addition, the American people were led to believe that appropriate anti-terrorist counter measures were being taken. Instead of telling the truth so the problems could be addressed, politicians painted a rosy picture in order to be elected and re-elected. After this missal of an urgent proposal, there are also some other interesting facts about the secret services, especially the CIA. At first, they did not even take UBL (Osama bin Laden, utilizing the FBI-spelling and -abbreviation) serious, although he wrote a 20-page Fatwa and clearly said: I predict a bad day for America in near future (Mai 28th 1998)So they knew from early on that UBL was planning an attack on the US. In fact, he planned that from even earlier than early, as he was only brought into connection with serious terrorism after the 1993 WTC-bombing. For example, in 1993 material found on a hard drive taken from a computer of one of the imprisoned in connection with the WTC bombing included a letter saying: This time our calculations were too rough. We promise you, next time we will be very precise. The WTC will continue being on our list of targets. The agents also had to realize that future attacks could as well be suicide missions: For your information: Our army has more than one hundred and fifty suicide soldiers at disposal. from then on the CIA knew that there would be a sure second time. From the moment of the September 11th attacks, high-ranking federal officials insisted that the terrorists method of operation surprised them. Many stick to that story. Actually, elements of the hijacking plan were known to the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) a s early as 1995 and, if coupled with current information, might have uncovered the plot (Chicago Sun Times)They the CIA found details of the plan in a computer seized in an apartment used by three men who were part of Bin Ladens al Qaeda network. It provided for 11 planes to be exploded simultaneously by bombs with time fuses placed on board, but also in an alternative form for several planes flying to the United States to be hijacked and flown into civilian targets. Among targets mentioned was the World Trade Center in New York, which was destroyed in the September 11 terror attacks in the United States that killed thousands. (Die Welt) This plan was called Project Bojinka Bojinka means big bang in Serbo-Croatian. In further detail, Yousef had developed mini-bombs which can easily be passed through airport security checks. Several people were to plant the mini-bombs on two to three planes after each other. The terrorists wanted to leave the plane on the stopover and board another p lane and again plant the bomb under their seat. This plot emerged once again in the 1997 trial against Ramzi Yousef, the person who had come up with the plan described above, and Abdul Murad, both al-Qaeda members, and the latter the organizing terrorist of the 1993 WTC bombing. The FBI and CIA knew of the plan at the latest from this point. With no connection to the trial Yousef boasted about his plans on the flight from Pakistan to the US in February 1995 to Secret agent Brian Parr and CIA-agent Charles Stern. They confirmed this in court later on: The plans not only targeted the CIA but also other government buildings in Washington, including the Pentagon. The Insight Magazine managed to get copies of Murads interrogation by the Philippine police, codenamed Blue Marlin. Murad said that he planned to board the plane as a normal passenger. He then would take control of the cockpit and (flying himself) ram the plane into the Pentagon. He would neither use a bomb or explosives. He just needed to get a pistol onboard the aircraft. T his Blue Marlin paper seemed like a blueprint of what happened seven years later. The report indicating that UBL was continuing Bojinka was that young and convinced al-Qaeda members were taking flight training in the US. This should have resulted in an intensive watch over the flight schools in which they were trained however nothing happened.. Zacarias Moussaoui, another al-Qaeda terrorist, was taken notice of after his flight trainer told the FBI he wanted to learn how to fly a 747, but did want to learn takeoffs or landings. Zacarias Moussaoui (Zac) traveled with a French passport. On request the French authorities answered that Zac probably was a terrorist connected to UBL. Reuters reported the following about Zac: The FBI arrested an Islamic militant in Boston last month and received French intelligence reports linking him to Saudi-born dissident Osama bin Laden but apparently did not act on them Furthermore the French authorities informed the Americans that Zac was most likely trained in Afghanistan but the American did nothing. French Secret Services, accor ding to Jean-Charles Brisard, informed their American colleagues that Zac, the so-called 20th hijacker, has connections to the al-Qaeda and the Americans, once again, did not react to this information. This flight trainer training Zac called the FBI several times trying to find an agent willing to react to his information: He suspected Zac having connections to al-Qaeda which was later proved and told the FBI of the apparent possibility of using a 747 with full tanks as a bomb. He told them: Do you realize a 747 loaded with fuel can be used as a bomb? Foregoing these calls Zac attracted lots of attention in the flying school. He said he came from France, but when the instructor tried to speak French to Zac, he became very evasive of his background. There was discussion about how much fuel was on board a 747-400 and how much damage that could cause if it hit anything. Despite of the urges in the flight school, a FBI-agent from Minnesota and from the French authorities, the FBI-HQ ref used further investigations until 9-11 This FBI-agent in Minnesota, Dave Rapp, was visited by a Mr. Atlas shortly before. He drove Zac from Oklahoma to the school in Minneapolis. He said that Zac thinks it is allowed to kill civilians who hurt Muslims and that he approves it if Muslims die in such attacks as Martyrs. However, the US Government actively prevented further investigations. The FBI-agents in Minneapolis regarded Zac as a dangerous terrorist and applied for a specific search warrant for counter-espionage in order to evaluate Zacs computer. This was denied because high-rank FBI-agents did not see enough evidence for a link between al-Qaeda. Even after the French secret service showed the broad connection between al-Qaeda and Zac to the FBI, they still blocked further investigations. The final decision (until 9-11) remained No. The official reasoning for this was, according to ABC News, the lack of evidence of a connection between Zac and a known terrorist organization. Now, after 9-11, Zac handed in requests to be heard by the US Congress as well as by a Grand Jury in regard to 9-11 He claims he has information which proves that the US government wanted the attacks to happen. His applications were repeatedly rejected. Furthermore, in August 1998 the CIA received a report saying that an Arabian group is planning to fly a plane packed with explosives into the World Trade Center, however they did not react. They passed this report onto the FBI, where nothing happened either, however CIA-experts did not regard it as necessary to indicate the FBI that future plane hijackers could as well be suicide missions. The FBI as well as the FAA declined this plan immediately and said this was undoable. So the FBI advised the FAA (Federal Aviation Association) not to pass this memo onto the airlines in order to avoid panic. However, the fact that the FAA was not informed about this change in strategy of the terrorists was to prove as a big mistake. It resulted in the airlines still advising the crew to meet the demands of the hijackers to avoid escalation. Due to these accumulating warnings DCI (Director of Central Intelligence; Director of CIA) George Tenet wrote a burning memorandum on Dec. 4th 1998: We are in a war. I will not spare staff nor any other resources in this war, not in the CIA nor in the other American secret services. With his burning memorandum to his executives and heads of departments he tried to secure himself to all sides in retrospect. He dexterously covered up the mistakes of his authority by causing the impression that such a brutal and never-done-before terrorist attacks (on the two US-embassies in East Africa) could not have been fought by the CIA with their means at disposal. Tenet did not have any actions follow his plan. The relations between FBI and CIA were rather cold and competitive, after the FBI uncovered a mole within the CIA, This was not cooperation anymore; they saw each other as competitors, one wins, the other one looses. The CIA thought that the FBI should rather care about car theft and leave their fingers off espionage defense or even terrorism. Due to this competitive thinking information was kept from each other, like the case of al-Mihdhar: The inland authorities were not informed that a dangerous terrorist (al-Mihdhar) ran around with a valid US-Visa the CIA kept this information for themselves. Totally independent from the above, a young Arab rushed into the FBI-agency in Newark, NJ, in April 2000. He told the puzzled agent that he just came from a al-Qaeda training camp in Pakistan, where he was not only taught how to handle firearms but also how to hijack planes. Now he was expected to meet with five or six people in the US to together carry such an operation through. One of the hijackers would be a trained pilot, he said, who would fly the plane to Afghanistan. If that wouldnt be possible they should blow the plane up. The FBI-agent thought the man would be lying and did a Polygraph-test. The detector showed the man was not lying. Nonetheless, the agent simply wrote a protocol and left the case. Mohammed Atta, Ziad Jarrah and Marwan al-Shehhi all had their US-Visa by May 2000 to train at flight schools, while at least al-Shehhi was watched by the CIA over over a year now. In July 2000 al-Hazmis Visa is about to expire. He, who has been in the states for a while now, applied at the INS to extend it on July 7th, 2000. Although he was long saved in the NSA-computer as a member of the al-Qaeda and although the CIA knew of his stay in the US he did not need to fear anything. The intelligence services still had not put him out for search. Neither the FBI, the INS nor the State Department knew that a dangerous terrorist was in the States since seven months. And as al-Hazmis name was neither listed in NAILS (National Automated Immigration Lookout System) of the INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) nor in TIPOFF of the State department, the INS-official in charge did not see a reason to decline an extension of the visa, let alone alarm the FBI. Al-Hazmi received a new visa, v alid until January 2001. The Meeting in Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaKhalid al-Mihdhar, Yazid Sufaat, Nawaf al-Hazmi (whose name was not fully known back then), Khalid Sheikh Mohammed (KSM), Hambali (full name unknown) and Ramzi Binalshibh met in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in January 2000. KSM was one of the highest people in the al-Qaeda. These six and two other young Arabs met in an apartment, under intense surveillance by the CIA and the Malaysian secret service. At that time, the names of two of the attendees were unknown to the CIA However, the CIA does not even inform the NSA (National Security Agency) about the surveillance operation in Malaysia. This would have helped the CIA tremendously, as two of the people the CIA did not know about were already in the huge NSA-computers. When the meeting was over, the CIA decided to see the matter as done., assuming the meeting was unimportant. Their Malaysian colleagues seemed to foresee that this was the biggest mistake in the CIA-history. US officials have stated that t hey only realized the meeting was important in the summer of 2001, but the presence of Mohammed should have proved the meetings importance. Unemployment EssayIn the middle of march 2001 al-Hazmis brother, Salim, traveled into the US. Although he, as well as his brother Nawaf, was saved in the NSA database, he entered the US without any difficulties. Their data was still not in the police computers: Nawaf al-Hazmi, as said before long saved at the NSA, was caught in a speed trap on April 1st 2001 on Interstate 40. He was stopped and had to show ID, license and registration. Over his radio the officer asked if there is anything against the driver. Al-Hazmis name was entered in the computer. Nevertheless nothing against him could be found, as the CIA still did not inform local police authorities that he is a dangerous, searched-for terrorist. So al-Hazmi simply got a ticket for speeding and can drive off. At the same time these computer errors occur, an ally of the Western powers pleads for help: Ahmed Massoud is in the European parliament in Strasbourg, France, on April 4th 2001. He asks the world powers to help him fight the Taliban. He also clearly states that al-Qaedas plans are not restricted to Afghanistan: If president Bush does not help us, he says in Strasbourg in front of an armada of reporters, these terrorists will cause great harm in the USA and Europe. Al-Mihdhar was meanwhile very well known to the CIA. They had a copy of his passport since 1 years. The fact that the young Saudi had a valid visa for the US and traveled into the latter didnt really seem to bother the CIA-agents. At least they did not regard it as necessary to pass this information onto the FBI or other inland authorities. In Jeddah in Saudi-Arabia, al-Mihdhar applied for an extension of his visa. As his name is neither listed in the TIPOFF- nor in the CLASS-database (Consular Lookout and Support System), he got a new visa valid until October 3rd 2001. When news that KSM has traveled into and out of the US like a normal tourist reaches the CIA-HQ in Langley, they could not really believe this. On the other hand the report was so detailed and concerning that they decided to at least verify it. After all KSM was meant to have brought trained al-Qaeda-members into the US, where they immediately contacted fighters already there and preparing an attack, according to the report. KSM himself is said to have boasted that he, a searched-for terrorist, has entered and left the US several times without any problems. CIA-note: If that really is KSM, we have, one, a serious threat, and, two, a good chance of getting him. The report is passed onto the FBI, were it is unnoticed. Tenet, at the end of June, sent out an express inquiry to the twenty partner-intelligence services with a list of known al-Qaeda terrorists and asked them to, if possible, arrest them. A similar list with, among others, the names of al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi, was not made for the police authorities in the USA. Apparently the CIA did not want to open the possibility for outsiders to realize the momentous errors made in the CIA. Tenet also frequently calls Tom Pickard, the new boss of the FBI after Freeh retired in June, and asked him if he has anything on the more than frequent warnings of al-Qaeda attacks. Pickard can only answer no; although there were papers in his authority which are going to shock the whole country and which will bring discredit upon the FBI for its ignorance. Pickard, too, realized the immediate threat by terrorism and asked for more money for the CTC (Counterterrorism Center) at the start of August. Ashcroft thought this whole terrorism-thing was simple panic-mon gering and did not answer the memo until September 10th with a simple No. The FBI-agents in Minneapolis, having arrested Zac for a simple Visa-violation, agree to hold him for 7 days instead of the usual 24 hours because of an expired visa. Agent Rapp already took into account to simply deport him to France, as he was traveling with a French passport. However, they first wanted to try to use FISA (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act) for special cases. Of 12,000 applications only one was declined. However, for the next three days nothing happened. Rapp, in the meantime, questioned himself with some obvious questions: Why should plane hijackers learn to fly planes themselves? And why did the other terrorist write his testament? The only possible answers werent very pleasant. Rapp found it absurd that he cannot take a closer look at Zacs computer and notebook although the apparent and urgent threat. In Washington everyone played safe now in regard to the case from far Minneapolis they contacted several FBI-lawyers who all say there is not enough of a conne ction between Zac and the al-Qaeda. The problem for the FBI-lawyers is that the new boss, Pickard, just came from the Ministry of Justice and was known for his lawfulness: The law cannot be bent for any reason. Under Freeh the law was not taken that seriously and such a search warrant was granted quickly. For Rapp this was against common sense: There is a man who apparently plans to hijack a plane and Rapp is not allowed to take a look at his computer and notebook. Regarding the many warnings without any concrete details, Tenet advised the whole CIA to look through their documents and look for all open questions on August 21st, 2001. Through this the information about the meeting in Kuala Lumpur was brought up again. This job coincidentally was given to a FBI-agent working in the CTC. After reading the information he connected two important pieces of information: the fact that al-Mihdhar had a visa even at the time of the meeting in Malaysia, and that with Nawaf al-Hazmi another terrorist who attended the meeting had a valid US-visa. With the help of a INS-official also working for the CTC, they found out that both of them have entered the US several times since, and both were in the US at that time. They were stunned that this information has been known to the CIA since eighteen months. Finally the CTC decided to do what they should have done months earlier: Notify the FBI, the INS and customs that both of these terrorists needed to be put on the wanted lists. The CIA sent out a CIR (Central Intelligence Report) out to all other intelligence services and authorities on August 23rd, 2001. This asked to put al-Mihdhar, al-Hazmi and two other attendees of the Malaysia-meeting on wanted lists. The CIA recommended rejecting them from entering the States. They didnt mention that the two mentioned above were long in the States already. The CIA still tried to cover its momentous mistakes up. Special Agent Rapp was meanwhile fed up with the endless waiting. He called a colleague in the RFU (Radical Fundamentalism Unit) in Washington and asked him about the state of things. The answer was only that Rapp only made everyone crazy with his Moussaoui. Rapp replies: Im making every crazy in the HQ because I want to prevent that Moussaoui gets control over a plane and flies into the World Trade Center with it!In the FBI-agency in New York the agents wanted to try everything possible to track down al-Mihdhar, now that they know of his danger. They asked for reinforcements. These were declined with a ridiculous reason: The search for al-Mihdhar was started due to intelligence (CIA) information. That was not allowed, according to the NSLU (National Security Law Unit). The law states a clear border between police and intelligence findings. These borders had to be strictly honored. The New Yorker-FBI-agent was totally startled. It is bad enough that the CIA only informed the other au thorities about the entry of dangerous terrorist months late. Now the FBI was not allowed to search for a wanted terrorist who had his fingers in the attack on the Cole, who could walk around freely in the United States and is probably planning another attack. He wrote an email to his superiors in Washington: Some day someone will die never mind law-borders -, and the public will not understand why we were not more effective and used all our resources to find solutions to certain problems. Lets hope, that the NSLU will back their decisions then too, especially because our biggest threat, UBL, gains the most protection out of this!In the morning of September 11th, the terrorists checked in at Portland Airport, Maine. For twenty days, the whole country was searched for al-Hazmi and al-Mihdhar. Nonetheless, their tickets and passports were issued with their real names. They passed security etc. without any problems. On the morning of the eleventh of September, 2001, two planes hit the World Trade Center in New York City, which, when collapsing, killed more than 2,750 people. One plane hit the Pentagon, killing 186 people. Another plane crashed in Pennsylvania after a passenger revolt against the hijackers, killing 44 people. Shortly after the attack Rapp got the permission to search Zacs belongings. After his computer and notebook were evaluated they could proceed fast. Although they were under high pressure, they could not resist and attached a warning sent out before the attacks to every email they send to the HQ, because more and more their anger and certainty was growing, that they could maybe have prevented the attack here in Minneapolis. Aboard Air Force One, Ari Fleischer gave a first briefing of the press. Replying to the question Were there any warnings known to the president?, he falsely answered No. In a conference of the NSC (National Security Council), to which Tenet is connected through phone, he had strong evidence for once. On the passenger list of AA 77 which flew into the Pentagon he could identify three people long known the CIA: Nawaf and Salim al-Hazmi as well as Khalid al-Mihdhar. Tenet didnt mention since when the CIA knew of the trio, neither did he talk about the CIAs knowledge that at least two of the three entered the US twenty months ago. Without knowing anything on the background or details, the members of the NSC knew that someone badly messed something up. FBI-director Robert Mueller, only in place since one week, didnt even try to make the impression the FBI knew something: The FBI does not have a clue how the hijackers could get control over the planes. We did not receive any according info rmation from the CIA. However, I cannot surely say that there were no possibilities to investigate indications which would maybe have lead to the hijackers early on. Tenet mentions to Bush that the al-Qaeda did have its headquarters in Afghanistan, but was active worldwide, on all continents. We have a 60-country-problem, he told Bush, to show the dimensions of the operation of extinguishing the al-Qaeda. Bush, who rarely traveled outside of his country before his presidency, is not impressed and replied: Lets shoot them off one after theother. There is an evident pattern visible here: The al-Qaeda-suspected were under extensive surveillance, they actively prepared a terrorist attack and yet they could enter, leave and travel within the United States without any restrictions even though watchlists with their names existed. Nobody stopped them, never mind the fact that they were traveling with passports and tickets with their real names. That should have alerted lots of computers at the passport controls and at the check-in counters, when ones passports magnetic strip is scanned. In conclusion, one can definitely say that the September 11th-attacks could have been avoided if the Secret Services would not have been hindered in their work by higher authorities in their agencies and if they would have cooperated / shared their findings. Many inexplicable events have taken place, clearly showing that the intelligence services made many mistakes of which many are so easy to avoid. The fact that the CIA and FBI see each other as competitors instead of partners is purely shocking and unacceptable. Additionally, some of the terrorists were on several wanted- and watchlists. This should have caused lots of trouble for them traveling under their real name. In spite of this it did not. Why? Why? That is the big question. Why? And How? These are the most important questions, still be unanswered, and will probably stay like that for a long time. The final bitter realization is: The deaths of 2,752 people could have been prevented. In American Cold War movies, the KGB (the USSR-intelligence) is bad, a dark mesh of something, while the US-intelligence is the good side, the light and transparent secret service on your side. Maybe it isnt