child development Essay -- essays research papers

IDENTIFY WHAT YOU CONSIDER TO BE KEY FEATURES DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS,AND EXPLORE THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORIES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT. INTRODUCTION When infants are born they want to be loved and cared in what ever relationships they are with their caregivers, so that they could survive and could feel sense of security and warmth , which without a caregiver is impossible ,talking about caregivers ,mother would be the primary source of forming an infant’s first relationship by whom the baby would take his first leap towards his growth and development and would keep continuing making his advances further in many domains of psychological development , whether social or cognitive. Some key features which play an important role in his early psychological development are meshing, imitation, and scaffolding . But which theoretical approach of development would imply in infant’s early psychological development , will it be behaviorism, nativism, constructivism or social constructivism or will they over lap with one another in their implication thus it would be analyzed and explored during the mother and infant interaction and behaviour in different processes like imitation, scaffolding etc but what are these processes? And how they influence and play an important role in types of psychological development (social, cognitive, and in language development) KEY FEATURES OF INFANT FIRST RELATIONSHIP Meshing is one of the key features of relationship in mother –infant interaction. Behaviour of both an infant and mother are meshed together. The common situation of meshing is witnessed when a smooth conversation between two people is going on and each person waits for his turn taking either to speak or to listen, this indicates mutual action happening simultaneously. Trevarthen(1993) called it as â€Å"co-regulation† the aspects of turn taking and synchronizing, furthermore he described them through speech and non verbal behaviour, such as nods, eye contacts and body movements, moreover he puts in by saying neither a caregiver nor the baby needs to be skilled at the management of these kind of interactions. So this could mean that in early mother-infant interaction the infant share true dialogues with his mother which are named as pseudo-dialogues and further give the baby an effective role in his interaction to experience relatedness. Therefore the infant begins to form... ...gful conversation like dialogues and which happened due to the baby being very active within his physical and social environment ie by his mother and by bringing toys and books as objects to his experience. Model of transactional period is described by contructivist ,piaget as when a child has its own active role within his development and that what it all sums up towards the implication of all theoretical approaches as well as regarding the three important key processes of early infant relationships. CONCLUSION: Thus it can be concluded evidently that the key features in infant’s first relationship are meshing, imitation and scaffolding .Moreover they play a vital role in the early psychological development for example in the process of meshing we discovered the early development of language skills and in imitation the cognitive development etc. When it comes to the implication part we can evidently say more than one theorectical approach over lapped with the other theory. To sum it all up we discovered that the three key processes of meshing , imitation and scaffolding also fall into the transactional model described by Piaget as when a child is active within his development.

The Beatles Essay -- essays research papers

The Beatles There have been more books published about one 20th century icon than any other, this band that is said to have broken down barriers in all ways, is the Beatles. Their music was said to have driven that younger generation mad. Perhaps it was because they were one of the first bands ever play real rock and roll music; or maybe it was those cute little peacoats they wore. Or maybe it was just because they were foreigners in the world of music, yet seemed to fit right in with the young people. Whatever reason was, the Beatles were a band that shaped a generation and ones soon to come. The Beatles were more than just a rock and roll band , they were a group of young men who wanted to go a new direction in music. John Lennon, one of lead vocalists, basically started with the intention of moving away from the "Skiffle Boom Era" which was dominating the time. In his doing so, he began to lay the foundation for what would later be the most famous rock band ever. The original band members were as follows : John Lennon, vocals and guitar ; Paul McCartney, vocals ; George Harrison, guitar ; Pete Best, drums ; Stuart Sutcliffe, bass guitar. In March of 1961, the Beatles began to play at the club that would later be nicknamed "The Home of the Beatles". The Cavern Club, which's premises comprised a small group of cellars below a seven story warehouse which had originally been used as an air raid shelter during the war. Later, Alan Sytner, a jazz fan dec...

E Books and Traditional Books Essay

Throughout history of people, writing is the most significant way of communication and knowledge sharing. Human written on the walls and stones in the beginning. After that papers took the place of walls and stones. At the present time, thanks to technological advancement, lettering can write on electronic devices that called as e-books. This situation causes argument between e-book and paper book. It is argued that e-books will take the place of paper books in the future; in spite of benefits of e-books people should paper books, since it causes negative results such as physical sickness on human body, being less interactive and being easily copied. It is claimed that e-books can be read anywhere such as on the bus, in a cafe, subway, airplanes thanks to computer and smart phones; however this advantages result in physical sickness on human body. Computers and smart phones can have hundred of e-books in their memories. For this reason their using areas increasing day to day. Nevertheless this situation is not suitable in terms of human health. Because of making heavy weather of electronic devices for instance looking at screen for a long time, some disorders observable such as eye strain and headaches. Furthermore, due to screen resolution lower than paper, reading on e-books is more difficult. It is clear that e-books devices are harmful for human body. Another frequently heard arguments in favour of e-books is based on thanks to e-books nature is protected, however electronic books without paper less interactive. It stated that forests are destroyed for paper. Therefore e-books are appearing like eco-friend. Nonetheless only old and broken trees are cut to produce paper. In addition, electronic books are lower interaction between reader and writer. As Stokes states e-books are make it difficult to easily mark them up via underlining, highlighting and marginal notes (n. d). In briefly, paper books should be preferred in terms of interaction. Although it is argued that e- books are more available in global world and they are more economic, they are make it difficult to duplicate. It is often maintained that when you have a laptop and wireless internet connection, you can download all of books. Besides cost of e-books are lower than printed versions due to no printing expenses. However, e-books can be downloaded and shared via internet. Thanks to computer and smart phones, e-books are copied without difficult. Besides e-books can be easily hacked,stolen,lost on the internet without approval from the author or publisher. It is indicated in Wikipedia, duplicating of paper books in an amateur printing press is more difficult. To sum up, traditional books should be prefer by readers because they are more interactive, more reliable for preventing to copy and they do not have physical sickness on human body. Even if electronic devices are improved rapidly, none of them can not give friendliness and paper smell of traditional books to readers. They might be our closed friend whatever our age.

Achieving Sustainable Development Through Reuse Environmental Sciences Essay

AbstractionAll over the universe, rapid industrial development of metropolitan metropoliss have ever resulted in a growing in population and besides in the general addition of the size of municipal solid waste generated. The direction of municipal solid waste, if non handled decently, will take to assorted jobs now and in the hereafter. Developed states in the universe have, to a big extent succeeded in managing their waste utilizing assorted rules and methods. From suited aggregation methods to technologically advanced disposal methods, they have made certain that municipal solid waste has been efficaciously controlled in their metropoliss. Unfortunately, the same can non be said about other developing states of the universe. Developing states such as Nigeria are still combating with municipal solid waste direction. As a direct consequence of the oil roar, Port Harcourt metropolis, the capital of Rivers State, Nigeria ( which is the instance survey of this research work ) has experienced a major rural- urban migration. The population has about tripled over the old ages. This has, in bend, led to a monolithic addition in the sheer volume of solid waste generated within the city.. Approximately 168,201 metric tons of solid waste are produced in the metropolis of Port Harcourt every twelvemonth and waste disposal has non been efficaciously handled. Residents resort to indiscriminate discarding of their waste at every given chance The most common agencies of waste disposal in the metropolis by the populace are chiefly by dumping the garbage by the route, firing the garbage in the unfastened air in their compounds, littering it openly on street corners and besides dumping them in rivers and watercourses and drainage systems. These methods of waste disposal contribute greatly to the debasement of the environment in so many ways. However, really small is done to recycle and recycle the solid waste generated. Research shows that a immense per centum of the public do non recycle and recycle their wastes which indicates that the awareness degree of the populace about reuse and recycling of waste in Port Harcourt metropolis is really low and offers a batch of chance fo r betterment. This survey hence investigates the grounds why proper waste disposal methods are neglected by occupants of Port Harcourt. It besides seeks to detect why the method of Reuse and Recycle of waste is non acquiring the consciousness and Government support it greatly deserves. Recommendations were made about schemes that will let the authorities and stakeholders involved to progress on modern methods of waste Reuse and Recycling as a nucleus facet of municipal solid waste direction in the metropolis. Through the usage of informations collated via questionnaires, it was gathered that a bulk of respondents agree that reuse and recycling of waste can positively impact the environment, create gross and besides employment chances. It reconnoitres the nexus between reuse and recycling of solid waste as a means to make gross and to finally accomplish sustainable development in the hereafter.DedicationTo God Almighty whose grace has brought me this far and will ne'er et me fallaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..mu na chi m so.RecognitionTITLE PAGEaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . ABSTRACTaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ DEDICATIONaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . Table OF CONTENTaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. List OF FIGURES AND TABLESaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. Table OF CONTENT Chapter 1 INTRODUCTIONaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . Background of StudyaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . Problem StatementaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . Purposes and ObjectivesaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . Research QuestionsaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ Significance of StudyaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. Scope of StudyaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ Structure of StudyaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ .Chapter 22.0. LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Definition of WasteaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ 2.2 Categorizations of WasteaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. 2.3 Municipal Solid Waste ManagementaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ 2.4 Principles of Waste ManagementaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. 2.4.1 Prevention of WasteaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. 2.4.2 Recovery of WasteaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. 2.5 Waste Composition in Port HarcourtaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . 2.6 Municipal Solid Waste Management in Port HarcourtaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . 2.7 Review of EU/UK ordinances on Solid Waste ManagementaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. 2.8 Existing Environmental Policies in Nigeria/Port Harcourt ( Legal model ) aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ 2.8.1 Institutional FrameworkaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ 2.9 Reuse and Recycling of Municipal Solid WasteaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . 2.9.1 Reuse and Recycling a tool for Sustainable DevelopmentaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . 2.9.2 Reuse and Recycling as an avenue for Revenue GenerationaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . 2.9.3 Existing province of Reuse and Recycling of MSW in Port HarcourtaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦Chapter 3RESEARCH METHODOLOGYMethodologyaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ Reasons for pick of MethodologyaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ Primary Data CollectionaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . Secondary Data CollectionaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. Analysis of ResultaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. Ethical motives of Research ConsiderationaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..Chapter 4RESULT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONResultsaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . Risk Assessment on MSW generated in Port HarcourtaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. Significant Risks of Indiscriminate waste Disposal in Port Harcourt/Health & A ; Environmental implicationsaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . 4.3 Composition of Waste in Port HarcourtaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ 4.4 Growth and Employment through Reuse & A ; RecyclingaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ 4.5 Discussion of ResultsaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. 4.5.1 Waste coevals and CompositionaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . 4.5.2 Methods of Municipal Solid Waste Collection and DisposalaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. 4.6 Problems Affecting Reuse & A ; Recycling of Municipal Solid Waste in Port HarcourtaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. 4.7 Benefits of Reuse & A ; Recycling of Municipal Solid Waste Management..aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. 4.7.1 Environmental Benefits of Reuse and Recycling of PaperaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . 4.7.2 Environmental Benefits of Reuse and Recycling of PlasticsaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . 4.7.3 Environmental Benefits of Reuse and Recycling of GlassaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ 4.8 Overall Economic Benefit of Reuse & A ; Recycling of Municipal Solid WasteaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . 4.9 Demerits of Reuse & A ; Recycling of Municipal solid WasteaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ .Chapter 55.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS5.1 Summary of FindingsaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . 5.2 RecommendationsaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . ConclusionaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. Reference aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ .

Organic Food †Does It Really Makes a Difference? Essay

   There are increasing debates about whether the organic food really makes a difference. Organic food has been commonly seen as better taste, healthy, safety and environment friendly, but is it true? This paper hopes to find out the exact conclusion of that debate, as well as consumers’ perspective of organic food, and its influence on hospitality industry. 1. Introduction of Organic Food 1. 1 Definition of Organic Food Organic food has a strict regulation that determines what kind of food can be labeled ‘organic’. According to the Food Safety Authority of Ireland, â€Å"Organic food is the product of an agricultural farming system that places a strong emphasis on environmental protection and animal welfare. † (Peter, 2006; Food Safety Authority of Ireland, Organic Food, 2004) As well as the organic produce export committee defined it as â€Å"organic production emphasizes the use of renewable resources, conservation of energy and resources, and preservation of the environment, without the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides† (Peter, 2006; Organic Produce Export Committee, 2002). Based on the quotes, we know that the organic food has many benefits that conventional food does not have, such as environment friendly, healthy, no hidden danger and so forth. 1. 2 Consumer’s Awareness of Healthy Eating â€Å"Foodborne disease caused by microbiological hazards is a large and growing public health problem in Europe and worldwide. † (Deborah, Christopher, Patricia, 2003, p. 434). Thanks to the technology, by watching the press coverage from TV and the Internet, worldwide public awareness of food quality and nutrition has been improving dramatically. A research conducted by Annelies states that â€Å"food has become less safe, less tasty, a bit more expensive and certainly less healthy. † (Annelies, Xavier, Jacques, 2002 p. 615). As a result, nowadays the organic food is getting more and more popular around the world. Moreover, according to Aikaterini M (2002, p. 346) â€Å"better taste, being like home-grown, being free from BSE, genetic modification and food additives are motivations for buying organic food†. It is said that the demand of organic food is growing gradually, and now people are more willing to buy organic food rather than conventional food. 2. Debate of Difference between Organic Food and Conventional Food Now because the people concern over their healthy issue and its link with food has been intensified recently, and likely to become more so, it drives great many articles getting more concentration on writing about healthy eating style; among these articles, plenty of debates have been arisen for arguing whether the organic food is better than the conventional food or not. 2. 1 Standpoint of Organic Food Is Better Than Conventional Food Generally, the organic food is more expensive than the conventional food, but consumers still willing to pay a premium for organically grown products. â€Å"According to the results of the organic food consumer survey, respondents who claim to be an organic food consumer rank â€Å"healthiness† first, â€Å"taste† second and â€Å"environmentally friendly† third. † (Annelies, et al, 2002, p. 614) 2. 1. 1 Healthiness and Food Safety. Firstly, based on organic food definition, it clearly informs its customers that it does not use of any chemo-synthetic fertilizers, pesticides and pharmaceuticals. Regarding conventional food, we cannot say all of conventional food may contain harmful substance due to pesticide residues remain on food, but what can be sure is the conventional food indeed has risk that threat to health. (Faidon, Fotini, & Antonis 2006) The threat probably is less effect for adult, but still may cause danger to fragile parties, such as babies and old people. Actually, some scientists’ report â€Å"certain pesticide in conventional food could, over many years, raise the risk of cancer and other disease in humans. † (Faidon, et al, 2006, p. 25) The report also states that the leafy vegetables and fruits with thin skin, lettuce and strawberry for example, are contained much more chemical residues than other types of food. Thus, these high-risk foods should always eat organically farmed, or on the season. 2. 1. 2 Taste of Organic Food. Secondly, another debate point that does the organic food taste better than other types of food, the article, written by Laurence and Stacey (2002), said the claim that all organic food taste better than conventional food is not a valid one. Based on his research, the organic orange juice does prove it has a better taste, but his research also shows that there is no difference in taste by compares the organic milk and conventional milk. It is fair to say not all of organic foods taste better than conventional foods, but after all some organic foods are really more delicious than other foods. On the other hand, we should not ignore the physiological effect. Many reports and articles admit that there is a worldwide belief that consumers think the organic food does taste better. (Anne, Albert and Clive, 1995; Fotopoulos and Krystalli, 2002; Justin and Jyoti, 2012) It is a great deal of emotional conviction. As a result, even few organic foods do taste nothing special, the general uninformed consumers still taste organic food ‘better’ because of bias of perspective. 2. 1. 3 Environment Friendly Thirdly, according to exist research, the organic agriculture is perceived as friendly for environment and animal welfare. (Bord 2000; Annelies et al, 2002; Anne et al, 1995; Koen, Joris, & Guido, 2009) According to the report by Bord (2000), the organic farming has many advantages that the conventional farming does have, such as protecting the long term fertility of soils, encouraging soil biological activity, conservation of wildlife and natural habitats and so forth. Additionally, as the author mentioned above, consumers increasingly concern to environment issues, which is going to become a trend of green movement in hospitality industry. (Zhang and Jing, 2011) 2. 2 Viewpoint of No Difference between Organic Food and Conventional Food Some research point out the main reasons prevent consumers to buy organic food are lack of availability, expensive, and satisfaction with conventional food. (Emma and Tony, 2005; Aikaterini, 2002) Another research conducted by Faidon, et al (2006), states that organic food probably just buying for peace of mind, because they believe organic food makes no noticeable differences than conventional food. To be more specifically, as the author mentioned above, the food safety is ranked as the first reason consumers buying organic food; but in fact the research shows that chemical residue remained level is limited and acceptable in the majority of conventional food. (Faidon, et al, 2006) Even though some types of conventional products, such as strawberry, are contained much more chemical residues than other, but many consumers can be satisfied by choosing other substitutable conventional product to replace the unsafe food. On the other hand, the acceptable amount of chemical residues in conventional food may has minimum effect on normal people’s health; at least for now it is still the subject of great scientific controversy. (Faidon, et al, 2006) Additionally, because the lack of availability of organic food, the consumers sometimes do not have any options but choose conventional food; therefore it may does not have a noticeable advantage that the organic food bring, unless consumers eating organic food only for a long time. 3. Consumers’ Perspective of Differences between Organic food, Conventional Food and Genetically Modified (GM) Food, and Their Impact on Hospitality Industry Despite lots of scientists argue what they believe or doubt whether the organic food really worth the money or not, and no matter how many researched data they used to support their view, uninformed consumers always are the major group who judge the organic food based on their own knowledge and perspective. The common sense tells them the nature products are always the safest for human being. Moreover, unlike the conventional food and GM food, the organic food provides a clean label and easily understood ingredient list. In contrast, the first image of consumer’s perspective of conventional food is that it uses of chemo-synthetic fertilizers, pesticides and pharmaceuticals. Although the conventional food has many advantages that the organic food does not have, such as cheap, big, always widely available, and less limited product range, but these advantages are all highly relied on harmful substance (small amount). On the other hand, the GM food also does not give consumers any better confidence in food safety and quality. In fact, based on research, the majority of consumers have negative attitude towards GM food because they do not have exactly knowledge to know how GM food being produced. (Annelies, & Jacques, 2003) Hence, in relation to consumers’ perspective, organic food really makes difference, by reason of people can assure there is no risk in foods, especially ensure the food safety for fragile party such as babies, pregnant women, older people and so on. Nowadays, not only the increasing consumers choose organic product, but also the restaurants and hotels have realized that the label of ‘organic’ is bring opportunities to them. Based on the research by Zhang and Jing (2011), more and more hoteliers start to bring organic food on their menu, in order to serve a fine quality food and attract customers. A research of consumer behavior and purchase intention for organic food indicates that â€Å"health, availability and education from demographic factors positively influence the consumer’s attitude towards buying organic food; and the overall satisfaction of consumers for organic food is more than inorganic food. â€Å" (Justin and Joyti, 2012, p.419) Therefore the marketer involved in sale of organic food, hotels for example, must set and implement a proper strategy to take this chance to maximize the market share. 4. Conclusion and Recommendation Research looked into any differences between organic food and conventional food, in order to find out the substantiations of whether the organic food is better or not. By review many relevant literatures, the author finds out that organic food does make differences in relation to the human healthy, food safety and environment friendly. Regarding to the taste of organic food, the author finds out not all of organic food taste better than conventional food, but some of the organic products indeed have a different flavor. However, in relation to the matter of the whether the organic food has more nutrition than conventional food or not, the evidence for that is scare and questionable. Thus, despite of nutrition factor, the author conclude that organic food really makes differences, and is indeed superior. Even though the organic food is better than conventional food, the author still recommends that consumers should eat both organic food and conventional food, by considering the high price of organic food and not always available. While, regarding to vegetables and fruits which contain great amount of chemical residues, such as the strawberry, the author suggest consumers to buy organic if possible, otherwise eat those foods as less as possible. Finally, the hoteliers should do some market research to find out the opportunities that organic food can bring in, and implement a proper strategy to maximize the market share and get benefit from it. Reference Peter M. (2006), Organic food – Nature knows best. Shannon College of Hotel Management Organic Produce Export Committee (2002), National Standard for Organic and Bio-Dynamic Produce, Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service, Canberra. Food Safety Authority of Ireland. (2004), Organic Food. Deborah A. C. , Christopher J. G., Patricia P. (2003). â€Å"An investigation of the factors underlying consumers’ implementation of specific food safety practices† British Food Journal Vol. 105 (7), 434 – 453 Faidon M. , Fotini A. , Antonis Z. (2006). â€Å"Organic Food: Buying More Safety or Just Peace of Mind? A Critical Review of the Literature† Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 46:1, 23 – 56 Laurence F. , Stacey A. (2002). â€Å"Does organic food taste better? A claim substantiation approach† Nutrition & Food Science Vol. 32(4), 153 – 157 Annelies V. , Xavier G. , Jacques V.(2002). â€Å"Are organic food consumers opposed to GM food consumers? † British Food Journal Vol. 104 (8), 610 – 623 Aikaterini M. (2002). â€Å"What motivates consumers to buy organic food in the UK? Results from a qualitative study†. British Food Journal Vol. 104 (3), 345 – 352. Willy L. , Philip S. (2006). â€Å"Customers’ Preferences to Healthy Meals†, Joseph S. Chen, in (ed. ) 2 (Advances in Hospitality and Leisure, Vol. 2), 265 – 273 Emma L. , Tony W. , (2005). â€Å"Australians’ organic food beliefs, demographics and values†, British Food Journal Vol.107 (11), 855 – 869 Annelies V. , Jacques V. (2003). â€Å"Exploring and modeling consumer attitudes towards genetically modified food† Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal Vol. 6 (2), 95 – 110 Anne D. , Albert J. T. , Clive C. , (1995). â€Å"Who buys organic food? A profile of the purchasers of organic food in Northern Ireland† British Food Journal Vol. 97 (10), 17 – 23 Fotopoulos, C. , Krystallis, A. (2002). â€Å"Purchasing motives and profile of the Greek organic consumer: a countryside survey† British Food Journal Vol. 104 (9), 730-65.Justin P. , Jyoti R. , (2012). â€Å"Consumer behavior and purchase intention for organic food† Journal of Consumer Marketing Vol. 29 (6), 412 – 422 Koen M. , Joris A. , Guido V. H. (2009). â€Å"A meta-analysis of the differences in environmental impacts between organic and conventional farming† British Food Journal Vol. 111 (10), 1098 – 1119 Bord Bia, (2000), Prospects for Organic Food in Ireland. Zhang C. , Jing Y. (2011) Green Movement in Hotel Industry Opportunities and Issues That Hoteliers Are Facing. Shannon College of Hotel Management.

The Forest Management

Forest management is the maintaining and management of not only the trees in the forest, but the streams, habitat, watersheds, and even the decaying trees or logs on the forest floor. Managing our forests is not only important to the wildlife, but to our future economy and way of life. We need to continue to save the Oregon forests and help the ecosystems within them because human beings are also part of the ecosystem. By using forest management, it can help certain species of wildlife. Some species of birds, such as the pileated woodpecker, which need large snags to build nest cavities(7). But the worst possible approach to maintaining a wide diversity of species would be to manage every acre of the forest the same way. Any change in forest habitat creates â€Å"winners† and â€Å"losers. † As forests go through natural cycles of growth, death and regeneration, species may inhabit or be absent from a given area partly in response to natural changes in the structure of trees and other forest vegetation(4). The same occurs when forest stands are managed by humans. Unless future credible research indicates otherwise, effort should be made to manage a wide range of forest structures. Maintaining diversity would be best served by using a broader range of management tools. Those would include harvesting on federal land – not simply thinning – and increasing the commitment to old-growth attributes on private forest land through techniques such as retaining large trees and snags. As long as federal lands are substantially committed to providing late successional habitat, private forest land can be substantially committed to younger, intensively managed stands, provided critical habitat characteristics are available. The federal lands make up more than 50% to 60% of the forests in Oregon(3). Because timber harvest in now dramatically reduced on federal lands, those lands represent a sizable, well distributed pool of both old-growth forests and forests that could become old-growth, providing habitat to those species associated with forests with old-growth characteristics. While a large portion of federal land is committed to sustaining species that need old-growth, the difficult question remains, how much is enough? Leaving these forests completely unharvested invites unacceptable, large-scale insect infestations and catastrophic fires(6). Because federal lands comprise nearly 50 to 60 percent of Oregon†s orests, practices on these lands have a major impact on forest-dwelling vertebrates(2). These lands are well distributed throughout the state. Private land ownership accounts for approximately 40 percent of the states forests(5). Of this private ownership, over half is in industrial ownership and the rest is held mostly by small woodland owners(7). Since 1992 harvesting on federal lands has dropped sharply. In contrast, many industrial private lands are intensively managed(6). Oregon law requires prompt replanting, and stands are often fertilized and thinned. This split ownership, in addition to diverse management practices on private lands, results in a wide range of habitat conditions. No species studied appears immediately threatened by forest practices in Oregon(3). In fact, many species are abundant. While that finding appears hopeful, it does not ensure that these will not be future problems. Current practices may not be adequate to keep the present range of species in the future. While some species thrive in the habitat provided by younger forest stands, a considerable number of species either requires, or reproduces etter, where large live trees, large cavities, and large pieces of downed wood The Oregon Forest Practice Act currently requires that some trees be retained after harvest. But the question is: how much is enough? Will trees being retained be sufficiently distributed to meet the future habitat needs of all vulnerable species? For example more than 60 species are associated with downed wood such as; fallen decaying trees or logs, 14 of them considered at risk(8). One species would be the rough skinned newt which live in and around decaying wood. Few studies to date have focused specifically on intensively anaged stands where old-growth characteristics, such as large snags and large pieces of decaying wood, are most likely to be in short supply. However, research is looking toward this need. Harvest levels in the future will likely be at least 40 percent below what could be cut on a sustainable level(1). That†s because of reduced exaggeration on timber production on federal lands. In the past, federal land provided half the states timber production, but in 1996 provided only 17 percent(2). That is the lowest level since 1934, in the depths of the Great Depression. An nderstanding of Oregon†s timberland and its importance to the state†s economic and social well being, particularly in rural areas. In Oregon, reforestation is mandatory and carefully spelled out in the Oregon Forest Practice Act, which governs all management related activities in Oregon†s privately owned forests. Private lands must be replanted within two planting seasons of harvest, and within six years of harvest, the site must be certified as free to grow, meaning the trees have topped the brush and can grow successfully. If the replanting job fails, the state can compel compliance ith the act through civil penalties, including civil court action and fines of up to $5,000(3). More than 90 percent of harvested forested acres are replanted to stocking levels that meet of exceed what is legally required. So in order to help our forests, we need to continue with what is being done today. The hard work that is being put into saving the forests habitat, the streams, and the trees themselves may not show in the short-run but will have dramatic effect in the long-run. Wood products remain an important component of Oregon†s robust economy and contribute to the long-awaited diversification of the state†s economy.

Disability Interview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disability Interview - Assignment Example Mike used to be quite popular with his social network; the life of the party who was well-respected prior to his injury. Mike has found that his social invitations are nearly non-existent since the injury, causing him significant frustration at the social level. Emotionally, Mike is having adjustment problems with being forced to live back at home with his parents while he attempts to adjust to his disability. Having been an independent person before the accident, Mike often finds himself lashing out at others in frustration and anger over his life situation. At the psychological level, Mike described what would be referred to as defense mechanisms, often denying that his disability exists so that he can cope with the situation. At the physical level, Mike has a difficult time performing simple tasks such as tying his shoes, eating a meal, or even using the restroom independently. Mike’s right arm was severed which had been his dominant hand for basic lifestyle needs such as writing. Even though Mike receives ongoing parental support and encouragement, he still has not learned basic rudimentary skills without assistance or the use of a vocal translator on his personal computer. At the functional level, Mike would essentially be categorized as moderately functional, requiring significant external assistance in many different areas of lifestyle. Mike has learned to overcome his emotional concern over lost friendships through a series of meditation practices mandated by his primary physician. Mike had a long-term girlfriend who abruptly abandoned him after discovering his disability. At the social and emotional levels, Mike is exploring alternative dating websites which match people with like disabilities for romantic encounters. Additionally, Mike has finally learned to overcome his career deficiencies by being linked with a recruiter who manages people with his condition. At the vocational level, Mike is taking extended coursework in an