Perception and Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Perception and finality Making - Essay ExamplePerception is defined on the Wikipedia as follows In psychology and the cognitive sciences, cognition is the process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting, and organizing sensory information. (Wikipedia, 2006b). It goes further explaining how perceptions are formed, how they change, and how there can be no perception at all. Lets seeM whatsoever cognitive psychologists hold that, as we move about in the world, we cause a model of how the world works. That is, we sense the objective world, but our sensations map to percepts, and these percepts are provisional, in the alike sense that scientific hypotheses are provisional (cf. in the scientific method). As we acquire new information, our percepts shift. () retributive as one object can give rise to multiple percepts, so an object may fail to give rise to any percept at all if the percept has no founding in a persons experience, the person may literally not perceive it. (Wikipedia, 20 06b).Decision qualification is the cognitive process of selecting a course of action from among multiple alternatives. Every decision-making produces a final choice. It can be an action or an opinion. It begins when we need to do something but we do not know what. Therefore decision-making is a reasoning process which can be rational or irrational, and can be based on explicit assumptions or tacit assumptions. (Wikipedia, 2006a).In the decision-making process many biases can get in the way. Among the reasons for this good-natured of drawback the Wikipedia enumerates the following reasonsSelective search for evidencePremature termination of search for evidenceConservatism and inertiaExperiential limitationsSelective perceptionWishful thinking or optimismRecencyRepetition biasAnchoring and versionGroup think - Peer pressureSource credibility biasIncremental decision making and escalating commitmentInconsistencyAttribution asymmetryRole fulfillmentUnderestimating un legitimatety an d the illusion of control amiss(p) generalizationsAscription of causality. (Wikipedia, 2006a).On a closer analysis to all these causes that provoke error in the decision-making process it is easy to find perception at the core of all these evils. Most of the causes for faulty decisions in the business real of action happen due to misperceptions in one way or the other. The Wikipedia goes on explaining how the ethical principles of decision making vary widely. It lists the following principles and methods as the most common in any decision-making processthe most powerful person/group decides (method dictatorship or oligarchy)everyone participates in a certain class of meta-decisions (method parliamentary democracy)everyone participates in every decision (direct democracy, consensus decision making) (Wikipedia, 2006a).As Groundwork for Making useful Decisions the Josephson Institute of Ethics states the following concepts, emphasizing our responsibility and accountability in any deci sion-making process Whether or not we realize it at the time, all our words, actions and attitudes reflect choices. A foundation to good decision-making is acceptance of both core principles we all have the power to decide what we do and what we say, and we are morally responsible for the consequences